“…MRRs shaped from nanoscale photonic waveguides. Ring resonators are employed to generate signals used for optical communication applications, where they can be integrated in a single system [25,26]. Optical MRRs recently are interesting subject in the area of integrated optics because of their unique aspects such as compactness, low cost, tunability and easy integration on a chip with other photonic devices, having a variety of applications such as optical filter, optical switch, optical modulator, optical delay line, dispersion compensator, optical sensor and etc.…”