Micropropagation of self‐rooting juvenile clones by secondary somatic embryogenesis in <i>Hevea brasiliensis</i>

Yue, Hua; Huang, Tianqing; Hong, Huang

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0523.2009.01663.x

Cited by 43 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Five‐month‐old tissue‐cultured Hevea plants derived from secondary somatic embryogenesis were subjected to three stress treatments, i.e. cold (5 °C), heat (40 °C) and simulated drought by polyethylene glycol solutions for various durations.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and expression profile of the sucrose synthase gene family in the rubber tree: indicative of roles in stress response and sucrose utilization in the laticifers

et al. 2013

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Sucrose synthase (Sus, http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iubmb/enzyme/EC2/4/1/13.html) is widely recognized as a key enzyme in sucrose metabolism in plants. However, nothing is known about this gene family in Hevea brasiliensis (para rubber tree). Here, we identified six Sus genes in H. brasiliensis that comprise the entire Sus family in this species. Analysis of the gene structure and phylogeny of the Sus genes demonstrates evolutionary conservation in the Sus families across Hevea and other plant species. The expression of Sus genes was investigated via Solexa sequencing and quantitative PCR in various tissues, at various phases of leaf development, and under abiotic stresses and ethylene treatment. The Sus genes exhibited distinct but partially redundant expression profiles. Each tissue has one abundant Sus isoform, with HbSus3, 4 and 5 being the predominant isoforms in latex (cytoplasm of rubber‐producing laticifers), bark and root, respectively. HbSus1 and 6 were barely expressed in any tissue examined. In mature leaves (source), all HbSus genes were expressed at low levels, but HbSus3 and 4 were abundantly expressed in immature leaves (sink). Low temperature and drought treatments conspicuously induced HbSus5 expression in root and leaf, suggesting a role in stress responses. HbSus2 and 3 transcripts were decreased by ethylene treatment, consistent with the reduced sucrose‐synthesizing activity of Sus enzymes in the latex in response to ethylene stimulation. Our results are beneficial to further determination of functions for the Sus genes in Hevea trees, especially roles in regulating latex regeneration.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and expression profile of the sucrose synthase gene family in the rubber tree: indicative of roles in stress response and sucrose utilization in the laticifers

et al. 2013

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“…In view of true-to-type propagation, we further established processes with limited disorganized rapid growth phases. The first was based on SCE proliferation in temporary immersion bioreactors enhanced by the addition of cytokinin, similar to methods described in other woody plants such as rubber [32], oak [33] and tea [34] and is currently used on a commercial scale for coffee. The second involves the proliferation of ESP in the presence of both auxin and cytokinin albeit at a very low level of 2,4-D (1.36 µM) with a short proliferation time (6 months).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Genetic and Epigenetic Stability in Coffea arabica Plants Derived from Embryogenic Suspensions and Secondary Embryogenesis as Revealed by AFLP, MSAP and the Phenotypic Variation Rate

et al. 2013

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Embryogenic suspensions that involve extensive cell division are risky in respect to genome and epigenome instability. Elevated frequencies of somaclonal variation in embryogenic suspension-derived plants were reported in many species, including coffee. This problem could be overcome by using culture conditions that allow moderate cell proliferation. In view of true-to-type large-scale propagation of C. arabica hybrids, suspension protocols based on low 2,4-D concentrations and short proliferation periods were developed. As mechanisms leading to somaclonal variation are often complex, the phenotypic, genetic and epigenetic changes were jointly assessed so as to accurately evaluate the conformity of suspension-derived plants. The effects of embryogenic suspensions and secondary embryogenesis, used as proliferation systems, on the genetic conformity of somatic embryogenesis-derived plants (emblings) were assessed in two hybrids. When applied over a 6 month period, both systems ensured very low somaclonal variation rates, as observed through massive phenotypic observations in field plots (0.74% from 200 000 plant). Molecular AFLP and MSAP analyses performed on 145 three year-old emblings showed that polymorphism between mother plants and emblings was extremely low, i.e. ranges of 0–0.003% and 0.07–0.18% respectively, with no significant difference between the proliferation systems for the two hybrids. No embling was found to cumulate more than three methylation polymorphisms. No relation was established between the variant phenotype (27 variants studied) and a particular MSAP pattern. Chromosome counting showed that 7 of the 11 variant emblings analyzed were characterized by the loss of 1–3 chromosomes. This work showed that both embryogenic suspensions and secondary embryogenesis are reliable for true-to-type propagation of elite material. Molecular analyses revealed that genetic and epigenetic alterations are particularly limited during coffee somatic embryogenesis. The main change in most of the rare phenotypic variants was aneuploidy, indicating that mitotic aberrations play a major role in somaclonal variation in coffee.

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“…The scale and extent of clone regeneration depends on the cycle duration and on the number of embryos obtained. Hua et al (2010) reported three successive cycles of secondary embryogenesis in anther culture of rubber tree. In a wide range of plant species, the efficiency of secondary embryogenesis is much higher than of primary embryogenesis, and an unlimited number of secondary embryos can be generated (Raemakers et al 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The origin of clones among androgenic regenerants of hexaploid triticale

2014

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Doubled haploids (DH) have become a standard tool in breeding and genetic studies of many crops and in most cases androgenesis is the only available route of their production. It has been recently observed that some populations of DH lines obtained via androgenesis contain high proportions of clones. This seriously reduces the efficiency of breeding and may jeopardize genetic studies. This study was designed to determine at which stage of androgenesis these clones are created, using samples set aside during routine production of DH lines in breeding of hexaploid triticale. The fate of each androgenic structure was carefully followed through the entire regeneration process, and all obtained plants were genotyped using DNA markers. Overall, 189 plants were regenerated forming 33 families, each originating from a single original androgenic structure (callus, polyembryos). In ca. 80 % of cases all members of a family were genetically identical. However, in about 20 % of cases the families of regenerants were genetically heterogeneous, showing that not all androgenic structures originate from single microspores.The evidence shown here demonstrates that retention of single plants from each original structure guarantees the production of only unique genotypes but it reduces the total output of plants. If maximum output is desired, multiple regenerants from single callus can be retained but must be genotyped using at least 10 polymorphic markers to identify clones.

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Micropropagation of self‐rooting juvenile clones by secondary somatic embryogenesis in Hevea brasiliensis

Cited by 43 publications

References 24 publications

Structure and expression profile of the sucrose synthase gene family in the rubber tree: indicative of roles in stress response and sucrose utilization in the laticifers

Structure and expression profile of the sucrose synthase gene family in the rubber tree: indicative of roles in stress response and sucrose utilization in the laticifers

High Genetic and Epigenetic Stability in Coffea arabica Plants Derived from Embryogenic Suspensions and Secondary Embryogenesis as Revealed by AFLP, MSAP and the Phenotypic Variation Rate

The origin of clones among androgenic regenerants of hexaploid triticale

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