Microporous Spongy Scaffolds Based on Biodegradable Elastic Polyurethanes for the Migration and Growth of Host Cells

Abstract

The three-dimensional structure and the surface wettability of tissue engineering scaffolds are the crucial factors in the process of tissue regeneration. In this study, biodegradable poly­(ester-ether-urethane)­ureas (PEEUUs) were synthesized by employing polycaprolactone diol (PCL diol) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) with the settled molar ratios 100:0, 85:15, 65:35, and 50:50 as the primary monomer. Then, the synthesized PEEUUs were processed into a three-dimensional microporous spongy scaffold (3DMSS) through the thermally induced phase separation technology. The results showed that the content of PEG in the primary monomer has a significant impact on the microstructure, porosity, wettability, water absorption, biodegradability rate, and mechanical properties of the microporous spongy scaffold (MSS). Cell experiments in vitro proved that the addition of PEG in the molecular chain of PEEUUs significantly improves the ability of cell adhesion and proliferation of 3DMSS. All the results demonstrated the better cell migration effect of 3DMSS with PEG in injured tissue defect repair, indicating their great potential for facilitating rapid reconstruction of a specific tissue in clinic.

Biomimetic short fiber reinforced 3-dimensional scaffold for bone tissue regeneration

“…Attach the bracket to the smooth slider with doublesided tape to ensure that the surface of the bracket is smooth. The instrument adopts an automatic injection system, using a 0.7 mm standard injection needle, into a drop of 0.01 µl deionized water, and measures the angle of the water drop and the contact point of the stent from 0 s to 3 s [44].…”

Advances in Biodegradable Soft Robots

“…Specifically, desferrioxamine (DFO) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were combined with biodegradable poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide)-b-polyethylene glycol-b-poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA-PEG-PLGA) to create smart scaffolds to promote vascularization in in vivo tissue engineering applications [ 80 ]. Additionally, Figure 6 D describes another human umbilical arterial smooth muscle cells (vSMCs)-loaded, biodegradable, hydrogel-based scaffold, which can be utilized to effectively repair tissue defects via tissue engineering [ 153 ]. The cell-loaded scaffold was fabricated using poly(ester-ether-urethane)ureas (PEEUUs), polyurethane (PU)-based polymers, synthesized through a two-step solution polymerization using polycaprolactone (PCL) diol and polyethylene glycol (PEG).…”

“…The cell-loaded scaffold was fabricated using poly(ester-ether-urethane)ureas (PEEUUs), polyurethane (PU)-based polymers, synthesized through a two-step solution polymerization using polycaprolactone (PCL) diol and polyethylene glycol (PEG). Owing to its significant characteristics of biodegradability and biocompatibility [ 153 ], PU has been widely used in tissue engineering [ 154 , 155 , 156 , 157 ]. The majority of current research studies related to biodegradable PU scaffolds have focused on adjusting their chemical and mechanical properties at the molecular level to enhance the geometric stability and biocompatibility of the scaffolds [ 153 , 158 , 159 ].…”

“…Owing to its significant characteristics of biodegradability and biocompatibility [ 153 ], PU has been widely used in tissue engineering [ 154 , 155 , 156 , 157 ]. The majority of current research studies related to biodegradable PU scaffolds have focused on adjusting their chemical and mechanical properties at the molecular level to enhance the geometric stability and biocompatibility of the scaffolds [ 153 , 158 , 159 ].…”

“…( D ) Immunofluorescence images of vSMCs cultured on PEUU, PEEUU85, PEEUU65, and PEEUU5 with the labeling of the cytoskeleton (green) and nucleus (blue) after 1 and 4 days, respectively. Reproduced with permission [ 153 ]. Copyright 2022, The American Chemical Society.…”