“…Supercapacitors, including electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) and pseudocapacitors, have garnered continuous attention as an efficient energy storage system due to their higher power density, superior rate performance, longer cycle life, and a wider range of applications, compared with other energy storage systems [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]. In the material systems, electrodes play an important role in determining electrochemical performance [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]. Activated carbons (ACs) have been used as a conventional material for EDLC electrodes because of their intrinsic characteristic properties, such as high specific surface area, developed pore structure, and suitable surface chemical state [ 14 , 15 , 16 ].…”