Microplastics in water, sediments, and fish at Alpine River, originating from the Hindu Kush Mountain, Pakistan: implications for conservation

Bilal, Muhammad; Qadir, Abdul; Yaqub, Atif; Hassan, Habib Ul; Irfan, Muhammad; Aslam, Mehmood

doi:10.1007/s11356-022-22212-8

Cited by 30 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…(2022), Siddhnath et al (2022), andBilal et al (2022) who claimed that the laws governing density force the government and its administrators to follow ecologically favorable policies. The main conclusions of this finding agree with Marshall and Brockway (2022) and Senthil et al (2022).…”

Section: Panel Estimation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward marine sustainability: Unveiling the effect of the fishery industry on blue carbon sequestration

Alsaleh

Wang

Zhang

2023

Sustainable Development

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The fishing fleet of European Union (EU) nations gets billions in tax benefits each year, and the combustion of that fuel results in millions of tons of carbon emissions each year—and quantity of carbon dioxide equal to what Malta's entire fishing fleet emits each year. By considering the function of fishing output, fossil fuel usage, economic development, and population density (PD) from 1990 to 2022, this study examines the dynamic impact of the fishery sector on blue carbon in 27 European nations. The findings revealed a significant positive correlation and showed a significant positive association between fishing output as well as carbon sink decline at most quantiles by adopting an innovative methodology which is the method of moments quantile regression method which has a fixed factor. From the first to the ninth quantiles, fishery output greatly accelerates the decline of blue carbon storage, with a more substantial impact at the highest and a lesser influence at the lowest quantile. The findings also show that the EU14 developed countries experience a more meaningful, beneficial effect of fishing output on carbon sink deterioration than the EU13 developing nations. Economic development in EU14 created and EU13 developing nations were found to compress carbon sink degradation across all quantiles, supporting the growth theory for countries that produce fisheries. Fossil fuel usage was found to boost carbon sink degradation. In EU14 developed countries, the impact of PD was significantly negative from the first to the seventh quantiles. In contrast, in EU13 developing countries, this has a significant positive effect across all quantiles. With the help of diverse and green energy sources like the tide and wave energy, lawmakers can reduce the deterioration of blue carbon in the EU14 and EU13 nations.

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Section: Panel Estimation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward marine sustainability: Unveiling the effect of the fishery industry on blue carbon sequestration

Alsaleh

Wang

Zhang

2023

Sustainable Development

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“…The colonization of microorganisms (e.g., algae) and the adsorption of solid particles may increase aggregate sizes of MPs or small particle sizes of MPs tend to be underestimated due to limitations in separation, digestion, identification, and quantification methods [ 70 , 71 ]. Several published works have reported a remarkable amount of MP particles larger than 300 µm in fish GIT [ 52 , 53 , 70 , 72 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Digestion of organic material in the water samples was carried out to eradicate any organic material (plant litter or insect body parts) present in samples by using 20 mL of hydrogen peroxide (35% conc.) and 20 mL of Fenton’s reagent for each 200 mL of the sample [ 51 , 52 , 53 ]. After adding these chemicals, samples were kept on a hot plate at 75 °C to accelerate digestion.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microplastics in the Surface Water and Gastrointestinal Tract of Salmo trutta from the Mahodand Lake, Kalam Swat in Pakistan

Bilal

Hassan

Siddique

et al. 2022

Toxics

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Microplastic pollution is becoming an increasingly severe environmental problem. As compared to the marine ecosystem, freshwater ecosystems at high-altitude, remote regions are less studied and lag far behind. Thus, the present study aims to highlight this issue and fill the gap in this regard. The presence of microplastics (MPs) in the surface water and the gastrointestinal tracts (GITs) of brown trout (Salmo trutta) from Lake Mahodand, Kalam Swat, Pakistan, at a high altitude of 2865 m above sea level was investigated. For microplastic extraction, samples were digested with H2O2, NaCl solution was added for density separation, and then samples were filtered with a cellulose nitrate filter (pore size 0.45 µ). After this, visual observation and polymer detection with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, microplastics were characterized by their shapes, sizes, colors, and polymer types. In the surface water sample, MP particles were found in the range of 0–5 MPs/L, where the mean concentration of MPs was 2.3 ± 1.52 MPs/L and 1.7 ± 1.05 MPs/gastrointestinal tract (GIT) isolated from the GIT of brown trout. Particles of relatively larger size (500–300 µm) were more abundant than other ranges of particles (300–150 and 150–50 µm) in the surface water and fish samples. The fiber was the most abundant shape of MP particles, followed by sheets and fragments in surface water and fish samples (fibers > sheets > fragments). Four types of polymer viz. low-density polyethylene (LDPE) (44.4%), polypropylene homopolymer (PPH) (19.4%), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) (30.5%), and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) (5.5%) were detected by FTIR spectroscopy. The findings of the present study showed that MPs reached into higher altitudes in remote areas due to tourism activities.

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“…Metal pollution in aquatic ecosystems is heterogeneous and depends on many factors; it is small in the open ocean and increases rapidly as it approaches coastal and estuarine bodies of water (Bryan and Langston, 1992;Siddique et al, 2021). These heavy metals precipitate bio-accumulate and reach significant concentrations in sediment and biota (Jeong et al, 2021;Bilal et al, 2022). Bioaccumulation of non-essential metals in tissues leads to toxicity, decreased fertility, tissue damage and dysfunction of various organs (Ribeiro et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cadmium (Cd) influences calcium (Ca) levels in the skeleton of a freshwater fish Channa gachua

et al. 2024

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Environmental contamination with heavy metals is a threat to the organisms due to their toxicity, persistence and bioaccumulation in food chains. The study was aimed to assess cadmium (Cd) effect on calcium (Ca) level in bones of a freshwater fish Channa gachua. 42 fish individuals were kept into six (6) aquaria; labelled aq.0, 1, 2, 3,4 and 5 in the laboratory for treatment. Aq.0 was control group and aq.1, 2,3,4,5 were experimental with treatment solution of Cd 0, 0.1ppm, 0.5ppm, 1ppm, 2.5ppm and 5ppm respectively for three months. After exposure, bones tissue were examined for Cd accumulation and Ca concentration. Highest accumulation of Cd were recorded in aq.5 mean 46.86 ± 0.46 mgkg-1 .and lowest in the control group with mean 0.61 ± 0.06 mgkg-1. The order of Cd bioaccumulation in bones were aq.5 > aq.4 >aq.3 > aq.2 > aq.1 > aq.0. Highest concentration of Ca were noted in aq.0 (Control group) mean 7888.06 ± 4827.22 mgkg-1 and lowest were 1132.36 ± 203.73 mgkg-1 in aq.5 (at 5.0 ppm). Generally a pattern of decreasing Ca level were observed with each rise of Cd bioaccumulation aq.0 > aq.1 > aq.2 > aq.3 > aq.4 > aq.5. Current study indicated that Cd accumulation have substantial effect on Ca level in bones and hence on skeleton system. Strict rules must be implemented by government to control metals pollution and exploitations of biota.

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Microplastics in water, sediments, and fish at Alpine River, originating from the Hindu Kush Mountain, Pakistan: implications for conservation

Cited by 30 publications

References 70 publications

Toward marine sustainability: Unveiling the effect of the fishery industry on blue carbon sequestration

Toward marine sustainability: Unveiling the effect of the fishery industry on blue carbon sequestration

Microplastics in the Surface Water and Gastrointestinal Tract of Salmo trutta from the Mahodand Lake, Kalam Swat in Pakistan

Cadmium (Cd) influences calcium (Ca) levels in the skeleton of a freshwater fish Channa gachua

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