Microplastics in the Northwestern Pacific: Abundance, distribution, and characteristics

Pan, Zhong; Guo, Huige; Chen, Hongzhe; Wang, Sumin; Sun, Xiaoqi; Zou, Qingping; Zhang, Yuanbiao; Lin, Hui; Cai, Shangzhan; Huang, Jiang

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.244

Cited by 304 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…In fact, digestion methods are used to degrade the organic part of the sample, whereas MPs are not removed. There are different types of digestion, including acidic (Zobkov et al 2019), enzymatic (Saliu et al 2018), alkaline (Zhu et al 2019), and oxidative (Pan et al 2019), and they can also be used in combination (Tamminga et al 2018). The use of different digestion methods allows for the degradation of a wider range of compounds.…”

Section: Digestion Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nets can be towed horizontally (Collignon et al 2014), within the superficial layer or at greater depths, vertically from the bottom to the surface to sample the entire water column (Gorokhova 2015;Baini et al 2018), or obliquely. In the case of horizontal sampling seawater, nets were towed along the horizontal transect within the surface layer for specific periods (3-240 min; Frias et al 2014;Pan et al 2019) at a known speed (1- Green et al 2018;Syakti et al 2018). The speed of the vessels must be calibrated to avoid turbulence, which may influence the flow rate through the net opening and, consequently, the quality of the collected samples.…”

Section: Netsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gravity filtration or vacuum filtration can be performed. Different kinds of filters can be used to separate MPs from seawater, including polycarbonate (Norén 2007), polyamide (Enders et al 2015), nylon (Tang et al 2018), glass fiber (Pan et al 2019), cellulose acetate (Castro et al 2016), mixed cellulose ester (Desforges et al 2014), cellulose nitrate (Dubaish and Liebezeit 2013), and Anopore inorganic membrane (Anodisc) filters (Saliu et al 2018). Filter diameters of 45 mm (Norén 2007) and 47 mm (Zhu et al 2019) are the most frequently used.…”

Section: Filtrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microplastics in seawater: sampling strategies, laboratory methodologies, and identification techniques applied to port environment

Cutroneo

Reboa

Besio

et al. 2020

Environ Sci Pollut Res

122

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The European Interreg Italy-France 2014-2020 Maritime Project SPlasH! (Stop to Plastics in H 2 O!) focused on the study of microplastics (MPs) in the marine port environment to evaluate their presence, abundance, and mechanisms of diffusion to the open sea. In the framework of this project, a worldwide review of 74 studies was carried out, providing an overview of MP investigation techniques, focusing on sampling strategies, laboratory methodologies, and identification of MPs collected in seawater, and specifically evaluating their applicability to the marine port environment. Nets were the most commonly used device for MP surface sampling, but their use can be difficult in narrow spaces within the port basins, and they must be coupled to discrete sampling devices to cover all port basins. In the laboratory, density separation (NaCl, ZnCl 2 , NaI, sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS)), filtration (polycarbonate, polyamide, glass, cellulose, ANOPORE inorganic membrane filters), sieving, visual sorting, and digestion methods (acidic, enzymatic, alkaline, oxidative) were used to separate MPs from seawater. Digestion becomes essential with water samples with great inorganic and organic loads as deriving from a port. Although many studies are based only on visual MP identification under a microscope, analytical identification techniques unequivocally determine the particle nature and the identity of the plastic polymers and are necessary to validate the visual sorting of MPs. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is the most used analytical identification technique.

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Section: Digestion Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Netsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Filtrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microplastics in seawater: sampling strategies, laboratory methodologies, and identification techniques applied to port environment

Cutroneo

Reboa

Besio

et al. 2020

Environ Sci Pollut Res

122

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“…Microplastics are plastic particles smaller than 5 mm in diameter. They have reached global concern due to the enormous amount and ubiquity in the marine environment (1), as their presence have been evidenced in various water bodies around the world (2,3). Primary microplastics are manufactured to be of micro-size (4), like most preproduction resin pellets, microbeads in cosmetics, toothpaste and blasting, microsized powders for textile coatings, and drug delivery media (5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microplastic abundance in three commercial fish from the coast of Lima, Peru

De-la-Torre¹,

Dioses-Salinas²,

Pérez-Baca³

et al. 2019

Braz. J. Nat. Sci

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Microplastics (< 5 mm) are widespread within the marine environment, posing a major threat to marine biota. The aim of the present study was to investigate microplastic contamination in three widespread and highly commercial fish from the coast of Lima, Peru. Peruvian silverside (Odontesthes regia), Peruvian morwong (Cheilodactylus variegatus), and Peruvian grunt (Anisotremus scapularis) specimens were caught off the coast of Lima. Fish stomach and intestines were extracted and submerged in 10% (w/v) KOH, followed by 24 h incubation at 60 °C. The resulting supernatant solution was vacuum filtrated and filters were then observed under an optical microscope and stereomicroscope. Strict quality control and external contamination prevention measures were taken. Microplastic abundance, type and color were recorded. Quality control measures resulted in reduced external contamination. C. variegatus was the most contaminated fish (5.13 ± 0.81 MP/individual), similar to A. scapularis (5.00 ± 0.46 MP/individual), but significantly different to O. regia (0.43 ± 0.11 MP/individual). Fibers were the overall most abundant microplastic type, while blue the dominant color. Results indicated highly contaminated fish, compared to those from other parts of the SE Pacific. Microplastic ingestion by C. variegatus and A. scapularis may be subject to trophic transfer from their natural prey. Highly populated cities and poor solid waste management may contribute to worsen microplastic ingestion by native marine species. The need for further research and a marine microplastic monitoring program was discussed.

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“…Plastics that pollute both natural water bodies and municipal wastewater systems are a subject of mechanical erosion [5]. Such an erosion causes cracks and surface (micro)roughness of the microplastics, and this surface roughness is a direct measure of the aging of the microplastic [6]. Additionally, surface properties of plastics and MPs are indicative of the degradation process [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser beam scattering for the detection of flat, curved, smooth, and rough microplastics in water

Asamoah

Amoani

Roussey

et al. 2020

Opt Rev

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Microplastic (MP) pollution is alarming and poses an imminent threat to the environment with a direct impact on our health and that of fauna in natural water bodies. The understanding of light-MP interactions in water as well as the need for low-cost and robust optical sensors for the detection of MPs that appear everywhere is, therefore, necessary. We have demonstrated the use of a prototype optical sensor in the detection of flat and curved [from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) water bottle] pristine and rough MPs from commercial PET and low-density polyethylene plastics in water. The optical sensor utilizes a photodiode and charge-coupled device (CCD) camera to record simultaneously the specular reflection and the speckle pattern modified by the MPs. In this study, we have exploited the specular reflection in the detection of the pristine samples, whereas the speckle contrast, the normalized standard deviation of the speckle pattern intensity, is utilized in the qualitative estimation of the "effective" surface roughness of the MPs. With the sensor, one can, therefore, detect PET MPs with varying average surface roughness, Ra an indication of MP aging, embedded in water. The prototype can detect the effect of size, type, curvature, transparency, and the translucency of sunken and/or floating MPs in water based on the reflection, scattering, and the (edge) diffraction of light. However, the optical sensor is limited in the discrimination of MP concentration in water. Further modifications to the sensor are needed for its practical implementation in complex natural water bodies and wastewaters.

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Microplastics in the Northwestern Pacific: Abundance, distribution, and characteristics

Cited by 304 publications

References 66 publications

Microplastics in seawater: sampling strategies, laboratory methodologies, and identification techniques applied to port environment

Microplastics in seawater: sampling strategies, laboratory methodologies, and identification techniques applied to port environment

Microplastic abundance in three commercial fish from the coast of Lima, Peru

Laser beam scattering for the detection of flat, curved, smooth, and rough microplastics in water

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