Microplastics in the Marine Environment: A Review of Their Sources, Formation, Fate, and Ecotoxicological Impact

Haque, Fatima; Fan, Chihhao

doi:10.5772/intechopen.107896

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 159 publications

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“…Microplastics used both in these cosmetics and as air-blasting media can easily enter waterways through domestic or industrial drainage systems [21]. The traditional use of products for Classification of microplastic based on sources, size, type, and shape [29].…”

Section: Sources Of Microplastics Emission Into the Marine Ecosystemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Microplastic biodegrades as a consequence of degradation by microbes in the marine environment. However, because of their size, macroplastics (larger plastic debris) do not make the optimum source of nutrients for biotic degrading agents; either the enzymes secreted by the microbes are insufficient to denature the macroplastics, or they contain not easily and quickly biodegradable for biological cell uptake [29]. Synthetic polymer plastics must first be changed into carbon molecules prior to being mineralized by microbial pathogens during the degradation reaction.…”

Section: Biotic Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many bacteria genera that are commonly found in the marine environment like Bacillus species (e.g., Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus megaterium), Brevibacillus, Streptomyces, Amycolatopsis, Clostridium, Methanosarcina barkei, Schlegelella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Azotobacter spp., Alcanivorax, Hyphomonas, and Cycloclasticus species, Rhodococcus ruber, Serratia marcescens, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pyogenes, and other bacterial strains also lead to the microbial degradation of plastics [29,95,102]. The Bacillus species were discovered to secrete extracellular hydrolytic enzymes, such as lipase, xylanase, keratinase, chitinase, and protease, which resulted in the biodegradation of microplastics [103].…”

Section: Biodegradation By Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Risks of Microplastic Pollution in the Aquatic Ecosystem

Paul¹,

Isaac²

2023

Environmental Sciences

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Microplastic pollution is a global issue that has a detrimental effect on the food chain in the marine ecosystem. They are found in their highest concentrations along coastal lines and within mid-ocean gyres. In marine environments, microplastics are a threat to marine organisms, as they are often in the same size range as prey and are mistaken as food. When ingested can have a deleterious range of effects on marine organisms, a process which may facilitate the transfer of chemical additives or hydrophobic waterborne pollutants to aquatic lives. In this chapter, we looked at the risk of microplastic pollution and its impact on marine organisms and humankind. The study shows that consumption of microplastics has led to ingestion of chemical toxins in aquatic fish, which leads to damage of digestive organs, choking of marine organisms, channel for the spread of microbes, and a reduction in growth and reproductive output. These threats increase the risk to aquatic fishes and human survival. Hence, the need to educate the public on the dangers of using products that pose an immediate and long-term threat to the marine ecosystem and the health of its organism, and the food we eat by marine scientists.

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Section: Sources Of Microplastics Emission Into the Marine Ecosystemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Biotic Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Biodegradation By Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Risks of Microplastic Pollution in the Aquatic Ecosystem

Paul¹,

Isaac²

2023

Environmental Sciences

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“…The decomposition of this waste releases toxins that can infiltrate the surrounding soil and groundwater, posing risks to both the environment and human health [6]. Microplastics, formed from the degradation of large plastic items and can act as a vector for heavy metals, are small enough to be readily ingested by soil and aquatic organisms, posing a threat to the food chain [28]. Furthermore, organic waste that ends up in landfills emits methane, a potent GHG and major contributor to global warming.…”

Section: Wastementioning

confidence: 99%

The climate impact of dialysis

Phua,

Shen

2023

Current Opinion in Nephrology &Amp; Hypertension

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Purpose of review A reciprocal relationship currently exists between climate change and healthcare, mutually influencing each other. There have been significant planetary shifts in recent decades, marked by escalating temperatures, frequent natural calamities, a disturbing surge in climate-linked fatalities, and a heightened incidence of kidney disease diagnoses. Recent findings Dialysis, a life-preserving treatment for kidney failure, extends to 2–3 million patients globally, mainly through in-centre haemodialysis. This treatment exerts an environmental toll, contributing to the healthcare sector's carbon footprint through water usage, energy consumption, waste generation, and current procurement practices. Diligent scrutiny and data collection of these facets have spurred sustainability initiatives, beginning at the local level with water, energy, and waste management. Still, this represents just the tip of the iceberg, with a pressing need for more comprehensive and habitual sustainable dialysis practices. Summary This review examines the carbon footprint from dialysis, probes its ecological ramifications, and underscores potential solutions to lessen its climate impact.

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“…Our previous work, Haque and Fan, 29 covers the fate and transport of microplastics in the environment as a whole, specifically addressing the hydrosphere, pedosphere, and atmosphere. Its aim focused on providing a comprehensive understanding of the fate and transport of microplastics in these three zones, along with their ecotoxicological impact on aquatic and soil communities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%