Microplastics in Grouper Fish (<i>Genera Epinephelus)</i> Gastrointestinal Tract from Pramuka Island, Seribu Islands, Indonesia

Abstract

Marine fishery products have been contaminated with microplastic (MPs), including molluscs, crustacean, and fish. The study aimed to analyze the number and types of MPs in the digestive tract and sediment, correlation between number of MPs with total body length, and estimated uptake of MPs in the fish from sediment using Bioaccumulation Factor (BAF). The method of determining sampling point involved purposive sampling and direct observation at Pramuka Island, Seribu Islands, Indonesia. Groupers fish were found in 20 individuals with 4 species of Epinephelus areolatus, E. ongus, E. sexfasciatus, and E. fuscoguttatus. The number of MPs found in the gastrointestinal tract of Epinephelus is 1648 particles with 3 types: fiber, fragment, and pellet. The highest number of MPs in the sediment was at dock and the lowest was at Gosong Pramuka Island. The numbers of MPs in the digestion tract does not affect the body length of individual species. The BAF value indicates result that the MPs uptake in sediments to gastrointestinal tract of Epinephelus grouper is low. All samples of the Epinephelus grouper were contaminated with MPs.

Assessment of Brown Algae (Phaeophyceae) and Sediment Collected from Sanur Coastal Waters Based on Bioaccumulation Factors and Human Health Risks Related to Microplastic Ingestion Exposure

“…The BAF value was obtained from a comparison of the number of microplastic particles absorbed in brown algae with the amount of microplastic in the sediment. BAF >1, means that aquatic biota has a high potential to accumulate pollutants, especially MPs (Mardiansyah et al, 2022;Rosiana et al, 2022).…”

“…The sediment was dried in an oven at 70°C for 72 hours before being separated using a 5 mm filter and 100 g was removed. The saturated salt solve was then added in a 3:1 ratio and agitated for two minutes (Mardiansyah et al, 2022).…”

Microplastic Contaminant in Indonesia: A review on Debris, Exposure, Health Risk and Future Perspective

“…The potential sources of microplastic exposure include environmental contamination, wastewater and sewage discharges, atmospheric deposition, food and drink [33]. Microplastic contamination find in marine fishery product as molluscs, crustaceans and fish especially in the biota lives around the sediment [34]. Microplastic also found in Sepia pharaonis or cuttlefish in marine, usually consume by human and has potential to be bioindicator to detect pollution [35].…”