Microplastics in a Marine Environment: Review of Methods for Sampling, Processing, and Analyzing Microplastics in Water, Bottom Sediments, and Coastal Deposits

Zobkov, Mikhail; Esiukova, Elena

doi:10.1134/s0001437017060169

Cited by 89 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Plastic polymers are not described as a degrading material over time in a controlled environment; hence, the preservation step might not be necessary to protect plastic particles from degradation processes. However, [86] reported that incorrect storage of samples could cause changes in the MPs' size distribution due to partial destruction of smaller particles. Most of the authors suggested storing samples in darkness refrigerated (at 4 • C) or frozen (below −20 • C) until subsequent analysis if samples are not being processed immediately [72,78,86].…”

Section: Collecting Sediments and Preservationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, preservation techniques are also employed to retard biological changes that inevitably continue after the sample is removed from the parent matrix [79,87]. In some cases, the identification and characterisation of the biological matter can be relevant to other aspects of the research [88,89] and the use of various fixing solutions (70-80% ethanol, 4-5% formalin) to preserve the biological material is generally reported [72,86,89,90].…”

Section: Collecting Sediments and Preservationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Practical Overview of Methodologies for Sampling and Analysis of Microplastics in Riverine Environments

et al. 2020

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Microplastics have recently been stated as being remarkable contaminants of all environmental matrices. The lack of consistent and standardised methods and protocols used to evaluate and quantify microplastics present in riverine systems made a comparison among different studies a critical issue. Based on literature research and the practical expertise of the authors, this work presents a complete collection and analysis of procedures concerning the monitoring of microplastics in riverine environments, focusing on their sampling and analytical protocols to identify, quantify, and characterise them. Further details regarding the advantages and disadvantages of each analytical technique described, such as general recommendations and suggestions, are provided to give practical support for analytical procedures. In particular, microplastics studies consist firstly of their sampling from the aquatic compartment (aqueous and solid phase). Based on the goal of the research, specific devices can be used to collect particles from different matrices. It follows their quantification after extraction from the environmental matrix, adopting different protocols to isolate microplastics from a large amount of organic matter present in a riverine system. In the end, additional qualitative analyses (e.g., RAMAN and FTIR spectroscopy, GC-MS) are required to identify the chemical composition of particles for a better image regarding the abundance of polymer types, their origin, or other information related to manufacturing processes.

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Section: Collecting Sediments and Preservationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Collecting Sediments and Preservationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Practical Overview of Methodologies for Sampling and Analysis of Microplastics in Riverine Environments

et al. 2020

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“…Bununla birlikte, polivinilklorür (PVC, 1.3-1.7 g/cm 3 ) ve polietilen tereftalat (PET, 1.4-1.6 g/cm 3 ) gibi daha yoğun mikro-plastiklerin ayrılması için doymuş NaCl çözeltisi daha az etkilidir. Bu sorunu gidermek için, sodyum iyodür (NaI, 1.8 g/cm 3 ), çinko klorür (ZnCl2, 1.5-1.7 g/cm 3 ) ve sodyum polytungstat (SPT, 1.4 g/cm 3 [20,85,80]. Su numuneleri doğrudan elenebilir veya numunenin büyük miktarlarda biyolojik materyal içerdiği durumlarda elemeden önce bir sindirim basamağına maruz kalabilir [86].…”

Section: A1 Yoğunluk Ayırmaunclassified

Mikroplastikler, Çevre-İnsan Sağlığı Üzerine Etkileri Ve Analiz Yöntemleri

Esmeray

Armutcu

2020

Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi

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Plastikler, günlük yaşantımızda birçok alanda kullanılmaktadır. İnsanlar şimdiye kadar 9 milyar tonun üzerinde plastik üretmişlerdir. 2050 yılına kadar neredeyse 38 milyar ton plastik üretilecek ve bunun 13 milyar tonu atık olacaktır. Atık plastikler zamanla bozunarak mikroplastikleri (ikincil mikroplastikleri)(İMP) oluşturacak, ayrıca kozmetik, ilaç gibi sektörlerde kullanılmak üzere kasıtlı üretilen mikroplastiklerde (birincil mikroplastikler)(BMP) çevreye salınmış olacaktır. Mikroplastiklerin okyanuslardaki dağılımı; 1 metreküpte 1 milyondan fazla parça bulunabileceği gibi 100 metreküpte 1 parçadan daha az da bulunabilmektedir. Çevre mikroplastik birikimine ve taşınımına katkıda bulunmakta, ayrıca mikroplastikler absorpsiyon nedeniyle ortamda bulunan mikro kirleticileri ve bazı ağır metalleri bünyesinde tutarak yayılmasına neden olmaktadır. Bu da mikroplastiklerin katlanarak tehlike oluşturduğu anlamına gelmektedir. Mikroplastikler, hem suda yaşayan canlılar için hem de insanlar için büyük tehdit oluştururlar. Dolayısıyla okyanus, deniz gibi ortamlara atılan plastik atıklardan dolayı mikroplastik kaynaklı kirlilik günden güne artmaktadır. Günümüzde mikroplastiklerin çeşitli yollarla insan bünyesine alınmasının, insan sağlığı üzerinde oluşturabileceği olumsuz etkiler hakkında bilgiler hala yeterli değildir. Bunun sonucu olarak, çevre ve insanın nasıl bir tehdit ile karşı karşıya kaldığının, tam olarak anlaşılabilmesi de mümkün değildir. Bu olumsuz veriler ışığında mikroplastiklerin insan ve çevre sağlığı üzerindeki risklerinin acil olarak araştırılmaya ihtiyacı vardır. Bu çalışmada, mikroplastiklerin, çevre-insan sağlığına olan potansiyel etkilerini ve analiz yöntemleri incelenmiştir.

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“…While for sediment sampling underground, containers and special equipment are required. For the sampling of the bottom sediment, it is necessary to use a container and special equipment, such as grabs EDITOR'S CHOICE-REVIEW (Barrows et al, 2017), a bottom trawl or core sampler (Peng et al, 2017;Zobkov & Esiukova, 2018), and a rotating drum sampler (Ng & Obbard, 2006).…”

Section: Sediment Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Microplastics can be obtained via filtration for a mass of water samples. However, it is necessary to use a filter with a diameter of 15 cm and a maximum pore size of 47 μm (Zobkov & Esiukova, 2018). In order to prevent the floating particles from sticking to the inner wall of the vessel, inner wall with pure water to wash is the key.…”

Section: Sieving and Filtrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenge for the detection of microplastics in the environment

Liu

Yan

Feng

et al. 2019

Water Environment Research

118

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As an emerging contaminant in the environment, microplastics have attracted worldwide attention. Although research methods on microplastics in the environment have been reported extensively, the data on microplastics obtained cannot be comparable due to different methods. In this work, we critically reviewed the analytical methods of microplastics, including sample collection, separation, identification, and quantification. Manta trawl and tweezers or cassette corers are used to collect water samples and sediments, respectively. For biota sample, internal organs need to be dissected and separated to obtain microplastics. Density differences are often used to separate microplastics from the sample matrix. Visual classification is one of the most common methods for identifying microplastics, and it can be better detected by combining it with other instruments. However, they are not suitable for detection nanoplastics, which may lead to underestimation of risk. The abundance of microplastics varies with the detection method. Thus, the analytical methods for microplastics need to be standardized as soon as possible. Meanwhile, new methods for analyzing nanoplastics are urgently needed. © 2019 Water Environment Federation • Practitioner points • Sampling, separation, identification, and quantification are important procedures. • The sampling and separation methods for microplastics need to be standardized. • The organic matter can be removed by digestion to facilitate identification. • Combine microscope with analytical instruments to better identify microplastics. • There is still a challenge to quantification of smaller-sized plastic particles.

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Microplastics in a Marine Environment: Review of Methods for Sampling, Processing, and Analyzing Microplastics in Water, Bottom Sediments, and Coastal Deposits

Cited by 89 publications

References 35 publications

A Practical Overview of Methodologies for Sampling and Analysis of Microplastics in Riverine Environments

A Practical Overview of Methodologies for Sampling and Analysis of Microplastics in Riverine Environments

Mikroplastikler, Çevre-İnsan Sağlığı Üzerine Etkileri Ve Analiz Yöntemleri

Challenge for the detection of microplastics in the environment

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