Microplastics distribution and contamination from the Cochin coastal zone, India

Microplastics Occurrence in Surface Waters and Sediments in Five River Mouths of Manila Bay

“…Comparison of microplastic particle abundance in surface water across the globe with this study (Table 3) indicates a wide variation from as low as 0.73 particles/m 3 in Lake Victoria of Uganda (Egessa et al, 2020) to as high as 30, 800 particles/m 3 in the Winyah Bay of USA (Gray et al, 2018). Generally, the results in this study were relatively higher compared to other studies (Desforges et al, 2014;Zhao et al, 2014;Tsang et al, 2017;Simon-Sánchez et al, 2019;Egessa et al, 2020;Pan et al, 2020;Suresh et al, 2020). As for the Philippine setting, the abundance of microplastics in the surface waters of Meycauayan River and Tullahan River were at higher levels as compared to Tunasan River in Laguna, Lawaye River in Batangas, and creeks in Makati City (Argota et al, 2018;Espiritu et al, 2019;Lumongsod and Tanchuling, 2019).…”

“…Water samples of 0.2 m 3 with about 5 m away from the riverbanks were collected using a bucket from 0 to 12 cm below the surface of different points in the sampling area. The use of bucket for surface water sampling is also used by Su et al (2016), Argota et al (2018), Lumongsod and Tanchuling (2019) and Suresh et al (2020) as an alternative to the manta net. The use of manta net was not applicable in the study areas due to the presence of macroplastics and large debris along the rivers.…”

“…Microplastics are recently considered as an emerging pollutant, and these are divided into primary and secondary (Andrady, 2011;Wang et al, 2019). Primary microplastics are found in personal care products, cosmetics, medicines, and textiles as well as those by-products released from the use of plastic-related products such as tyre dust from running cars (Browne et al, 2011;Eriksen et al, 2013;Wang et al, 2019;Suresh et al, 2020). Secondary microplastics are derived from the fragmentation of larger plastic and synthetic materials by processes such as UV degradation or machine washing (Andrady, 2011;GESAMP, 2015;Antunes et al, 2018).…”

Legacy and new chlorinated persistent organic pollutants in the rivers of south India: Occurrences, sources, variations before and after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic

“…BR-09 is situated at the intersection with the Tirur Ponnani River which is known to receive a cumulative biochemical oxygen demand load of > 100 kg/day from open drains ( KSRRC, 2019 ). Incidentally, PR-09 is also situated at close proximity to known open drains and receives heavy load of domestic wastewater ( Suresh et al, 2020 ). PCB−138 and − 180 shared similar detection frequencies with PCB−18 but with lower concentrations and related to wastewater discharge of industrial and domestic outfalls in several studies ( Katsoyiannis and Samara, 2004 , Sakan et al, 2017 , Tatarus et al, 2019 ).…”

Critical assessment of approach towards estimation of microplastics in environmental matrices

“…MPs contamination in the beach sediment of the coastal areas of Kochi, India, was also reported the amount of MPs particles were 233 per kg of the beach sediment, while 396 MPs particles per m 3 of water were present in the estuarine water. Their study demonstrated that the sediment and water samples were severely polluted with MPs because sampling areas were closely located to the busiest city location (Suresh et al, 2020). MPs have also been quantified in mangrove sediments of Singapore and the concentration was found in the range of 12–63 particles/kg dry sediment (Nor & Obbard, 2014).…”