Microplastics as Vehicles of Environmental PAHs to Marine Organisms: Combined Chemical and Physical Hazards to the Mediterranean Mussels, Mytilus galloprovincialis

Pittura, Lucia; Avio, Carlo Giacomo; Giuliani, Maria; d’Errico, Giuseppe; Keiter, Steffen; Cormier, Bettie; Gorbi, Stefania; Regoli, Francesco

doi:10.3389/fmars.2018.00103

Cited by 281 publications

(155 citation statements)

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“…The drastic increase in the amount of MPs in marine environments has raised concern about their potential impact on aquatic organisms (Rochman et al, 2013b;Karami et al, 2017;O'Donovan et al, 2018;Pittura et al, 2018). The adsorption of chemical pollutants from aquatic environments to MPs and the transfer to biota (Antunes et al, 2013;Bakir et al, 2016;Koelmans et al, 2016) is an additional important aspect of the potential toxicity of MPs (Batel et al, 2016;O'Donovan et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…BaP is ubiquitously distributed in coastal and offshore environments (Antunes et al, 2013;Liu et al, 2015;Châtel et al, 2017), and PAHs including BaP are known to adsorb at high rates to different types of MPs in seawater, particularly to PE (Rochman et al, 2013a;Ziccardi et al, 2016;Schönlau et al, 2019). Furthermore, BaP adsorbed to MPs has been documented to be transferred via trophic transfer to biota (Batel et al, 2016(Batel et al, , 2018Bour et al, 2018;O'Donovan et al, 2018;Pittura et al, 2018).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Multi-Laboratory Hazard Assessment of Contaminated Microplastic Particles by Means of Enhanced Fish Embryo Test With the Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Cormier

Batel

Cachot

et al. 2019

Front. Environ. Sci.

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As wide-spread pollutants in the marine environment, microplastics (MPs) have raised public concern about potential toxic effects in aquatic organisms, and, among others, MPs were suspected to act as a vector for organic pollutants to biota. The purpose of the present study was to investigate effects by three model pollutants, oxybenzone (BP3), benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) adsorbed to polyethylene MPs on the basis of a standard assay, the acute fish embryo toxicity test (FET; OECD TG 236) with zebrafish (Danio rerio) supplemented by additional endpoints such as induction of ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity, modification of cyp1a gene transcription and changes in larval swimming behavior. FET assays were performed in three laboratories using slightly different husbandry and exposure conditions, which, however, were all fully compatible with the limits defined by OECD TG 236. This allowed for testing of potential changes in the FET assay due to protocol variations. The standard endpoints of the FET (acute embryotoxicity) did not reveal any acute toxicity for both virgin MPs and MPs spiked with BP3, BaP, and PFOS. With respect to sublethal endpoints, EROD activity was increased after exposure to MPs spiked with BP3 (3 h pulse) and MPs spiked with BaP (96 h continuous exposure). Cyp1a transcription was increased upon exposure to MPs spiked with BP3 or BaP. For the selected combination of MPs particles and contaminants, the basic FET proved not sensitive enough to reveal effects of (virgin and spiked) MPs. However, given that the FET can easily be supplemented by a broad variety of more subtle and sensitive endpoints, an enhanced FET protocol may provide a relevant approach with developmental stages of a vertebrate animal model, which is not protected by current EU animal welfare legislation (Directive EU 2010/63).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Laboratory Hazard Assessment of Contaminated Microplastic Particles by Means of Enhanced Fish Embryo Test With the Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Cormier

Batel

Cachot

et al. 2019

Front. Environ. Sci.

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“…The need of elucidating eco-toxicity of MP is the main justification for testing concentrations of MP far above those found in marine waters (Pittura et al, 2018). Applying environmentally relevant microplastic doses is still a challenge for decision support (Huvet et al, 2016;Lenz et al, 2016;Rochman, 2016) especially when considering the lack of consistent field quantifications of MP as small as those used in most experimental studies (Filella, 2015).…”

Section: Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constraints and Priorities for Conducting Experimental Exposures of Marine Organisms to Microplastics

et al. 2018

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Marine plastic pollution is a major environmental issue. Given their ubiquitous nature and small dimensions, ingestion of microplastic (MP) and nanoplastic (NP) particles and their subsequent impact on marine life are a growing concern worldwide. Transfers along the trophic chain, including possible translocation, for which the hazards are less understood, are also a major preoccupation. Effects of MP ingestion have been studied on animals through laboratory exposure, showing impacts on feeding activity, reserve depletion and inflammatory responses, with consequences for fitness, notably reproduction. However, most experimental studies have used doses of manufactured virgin microspheres that may not be environmentally realistic. As for most ecotoxicological issues, the environmental relevance of laboratory exposure experiments has recently been debated. Here we review constraints and priorities for conducting experimental exposures of marine wildlife to microplastics based on the literature, feedback from peer reviewers and knowledge gained from our experience. Priorities are suggested taking into account the complexity of microplastics in terms of (i) aggregation status, surface properties and interactions with organic and inorganic materials, (ii) diversity of encountered particles types and concentrations, (iii) particle bioavailability and distribution in experimental tanks to achieve reproducibility and repeatability in estimating effects, and (iv) strict experimental procedures to verify the existence of genuine translocation. Relevant integrative approaches encompass a wide spectrum of methods from-omics to ecophysiological approaches, including modeling, are discussed to provide novel insights on the impacts of MP/NP on marine ecosystems from a long-term perspective. Knowledge obtained in this way would inform stakeholders in such a way as to help them mitigate impacts of the micro-and nano-plastic legacy.

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“…Ingestion of marine debris induce different deleterious effects such as pathological alteration, starvation and mechanical blockages of digestive processes. Furthermore, the interaction of plastic fragments, especially those at micrometric and nanometric scales, with organic pollutants are of importance in relation to environmental contamination and biological effects on organisms in the water column as well as in the sedimentary environment [18,19]. Hydrophobic pollutants co-occurring in the aquatic environment may in fact adsorb onto MP debris.…”

Section: The Interaction Of Plastic Debris With Aquatic Lifementioning

confidence: 99%

From Macroplastic to Microplastic Litter: Occurrence, Composition, Source Identification and Interaction with Aquatic Organisms. Experiences from the Adriatic Sea

Gomiero¹,

Strafella²,

Fabi³

2019

Plastics in the Environment

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Marine litter is human-created waste that has been discharged into the coastal or marine environment. "Marine debris" is defined as anthropogenic, manufactured, or processed solid material discarded, disposed of, or abandoned in the environment, including all materials discarded into the sea, on the shore, or brought indirectly to the sea by rivers, sewage, storm water, waves, or winds. A large fraction of marine debris is made up of plastic items. Plastic marine debris has become one of the most prevalent pollution related problems affecting the marine environment globally. The widespread challenge of managing marine litter is a useful illustration of the global and transboundary nature of many marine environmental problems. At a global level, plastic litter constitutes 83-87% of all marine litter. Land-based sources are estimated to be responsible for approximately 80% of marine litter. The largest portion of plastic associated with marine pollution is often linked to the contribution from terrestrial sources associated with accidental or deliberate spills as well as inefficient waste management systems in heavily anthropized coastal regions. This chapter is intended to serve as a catalyst for further discussion to explore the potential for developing a Mediterranean regional framework for addressing marine litter.

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Microplastics as Vehicles of Environmental PAHs to Marine Organisms: Combined Chemical and Physical Hazards to the Mediterranean Mussels, Mytilus galloprovincialis

Cited by 281 publications

References 80 publications

Multi-Laboratory Hazard Assessment of Contaminated Microplastic Particles by Means of Enhanced Fish Embryo Test With the Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Multi-Laboratory Hazard Assessment of Contaminated Microplastic Particles by Means of Enhanced Fish Embryo Test With the Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Constraints and Priorities for Conducting Experimental Exposures of Marine Organisms to Microplastics

From Macroplastic to Microplastic Litter: Occurrence, Composition, Source Identification and Interaction with Aquatic Organisms. Experiences from the Adriatic Sea

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