Microplastics and the gut microbiome: How chronically exposed species may suffer from gut dysbiosis

Fackelmann, Gloria; Sommer, Simone

doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.04.030

Cited by 226 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 201 publications

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“…Therefore, uptake of 1 μm MPs could hinder E. coli uptake and result in changes in C. elegans physiological and biochemical levels. This observation is consistent with MP exposure to earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris), P. nana and zebrafish (Danio rerio), which showed that a greater proportion of smaller plastics were retained, as opposed to larger plastics (Batel et al, 2018;Fackelmann and Sommer, 2019;Huerta Lwanga et al, 2016;Jeong et al, 2017). This could result from preferential uptake of smaller sized MPs contributing to a greater retention potential.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Microplastic (1 and 5 μm) exposure disturbs lifespan and intestine function in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

Shang

Cheng

et al. 2020

Science of The Total Environment

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Toxicological effects of 1 and 5 μm microplastics (MPs) (10 7-10-10 particles/m 2) were studied on Caenorhabditis elegans. • Intake of 1 and 5 μm MPs increased as exposure concentrations and duration increased. • The lifespan of nematodes at lower concentration decreased faster than those at higher concentration after exposure to MPs. • Down-regulated expression of skn-1 at the lowest exposure concentration may be responsible for the shortened lifespan.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Microplastic (1 and 5 μm) exposure disturbs lifespan and intestine function in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

Shang

Cheng

et al. 2020

Science of The Total Environment

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“…It is within us and has been detected in human lungs and feces. Ingestion of microplastics has been implicated in gut dysbiosis through mechanical disruption and microbiome alterations leading to inflammatory responses 132 . An in vitro study of peripheral blood mononuclear cells found that high exposure to polypropylene microplastics (~20 μm and 25‐200 μm) increased histamine levels 133 .…”

Section: Barrier Dysfunction and Its Role In Ad And Famentioning

confidence: 99%

Epicutaneous sensitization in the development of food allergy: What is the evidence and how can this be prevented?

Brough

Nadeau

Sindher

et al. 2020

Allergy

180

168

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There is increasing evidence regarding the importance of allergic sensitization through the skin. In this review, we provide an overview of the atopic march and immune mechanism underlying the sensitization and effector phase of food allergy. We present experimental models and human data that support the concept of epicutaneous sensitization and how this forms one half of the dual‐allergen exposure hypothesis. We discuss specific important elements in the skin (FLG and other skin barrier gene mutations, Langerhans cells, type 2 innate lymphoid cells, IL‐33, TSLP) that have important roles in the development of allergic responses as well as the body of evidence on environmental allergen exposure and how this can sensitize an individual. Given the link between skin barrier impairment, atopic dermatitis, food allergy, allergic asthma, and allergic rhinitis, it is logical that restoring the skin barrier and prevention or treating atopic dermatitis would have beneficial effects on prevention of related allergic diseases, particularly food allergy. We present the experimental and human studies that have evaluated this approach and discuss various factors which may influence the success of these approaches, such as the type of emollient chosen for the intervention, the role of managing skin inflammation, and differences between primary and secondary prevention of atopic dermatitis to achieve the desired outcome.

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“…Thus, dysbiosis caused by adverse factors can disrupt the performance benefits of host-associated microbiota and may contribute to unwanted collateral damage to hosts [ 7 ]. This means that it can threaten the survival of individuals and the growth of populations due to a cascade of negative health effects [ 10 – 13 ]. In fact, several recent studies have documented how skin and gut microbiomes from different wildlife species can be sensitive to habitat fragmentation and contaminants attributed to human activities [ 14 – 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Habitat disturbance influences the skin microbiome of a rediscovered neotropical-montane frog

et al. 2020

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Background The skin microbiome serves as a first line defense against pathogens in vertebrates. In amphibians, it has the potential to protect against the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatis (Bd), a likely agent of amphibian declines. Alteration of the microbiome associated with unfavorable environmental changes produced by anthropogenic activities may make the host more susceptible to pathogens. Some amphibian species that were thought to be “extinct” have been rediscovered years after population declines in the late 1980s probably due to evolved Bd-resistance and are now threatened by anthropogenic land-use changes. Understanding the effects of habitat disturbance on the host skin microbiome is relevant for understanding the health of these species, along with its susceptibility to pathogens such as Bd. Here, we investigate the influence of habitat alteration on the skin bacterial communities as well as specifically the putative Bd-inhibitory bacterial communities of the montane frog Lithobates vibicarius. This species, after years of not being observed, was rediscovered in small populations inhabiting undisturbed and disturbed landscapes, and with continuous presence of Bd. Results We found that cutaneous bacterial communities of tadpoles and adults differed between undisturbed and disturbed habitats. The adults from disturbed habitats exhibited greater community dispersion than those from undisturbed habitats. We observed a higher richness of putative Bd-inhibitory bacterial strains in adults from disturbed habitats than in those from undisturbed habitats, as well as a greater number of these potential protective bacteria with a high relative abundance. Conclusions Our findings support the microbial “Anna Karenina principle”, in which disturbance is hypothesized to cause greater microbial dispersion in communities, a so-called dysbiosis, which is a response of animal microbiomes to stress factors that decrease the ability of the host or its microbiome to regulate community composition. On the positive side, the high richness and relative abundance of putative Bd-inhibitory bacteria may indicate the development of a defense mechanism that enhances Bd-protection, attributed to a co-occurrence of more than 30-years of host and pathogen in these disturbed habitats. Our results provide important insight into the influence of human-modified landscapes on the skin microbiome and health implications of Bd-survivor species.

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Microplastics and the gut microbiome: How chronically exposed species may suffer from gut dysbiosis

Cited by 226 publications

References 201 publications

Microplastic (1 and 5 μm) exposure disturbs lifespan and intestine function in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

Microplastic (1 and 5 μm) exposure disturbs lifespan and intestine function in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

Epicutaneous sensitization in the development of food allergy: What is the evidence and how can this be prevented?

Habitat disturbance influences the skin microbiome of a rediscovered neotropical-montane frog

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