Microplastics and Nanoplastics: Emerging Contaminants in Food

Liu, Qingrun; Chen, Zhe; Chen, Yulun; Yang, Fangwei; Yao, Weirong; Xie, Yunfei

doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.1c04199

Cited by 93 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 151 publications

(173 reference statements)

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“…Qingrun Liu et al (2021) have reported microplastics enter the soil ecosystem mostly through mulching and littering. After mulching, lm and other wastes decompose into microplastics/nanoplastics (M/NPs), which are subsequently transported to plants (fruits and vegetables) and animals (meat and milk) via sewage sludge, composting, and irrigation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Authentication of Microplastic Accumulation in Customary Fruits and Vegetables

Rajendran

Rajendiran

Pasupathi

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The environment has become a major source of plastic pollution. Microplastics have been well documented in aquatic ecosystems as an increasing pollutant of worldwide relevance, but little is known about their effects on the terrestrial environment, particularly in agroecosystems. Researches have recently proven that microplastics can affect human health and are found in human organs and tissues. In this present study, two different types of fruits like grapes (Vitis vinifera) and banana (Musa paradisiaca), vegetables like brinjal (Solanum melongena) and potato (Solanum tuberosum) were collected from local market in Trichy, Tamil Nadu, India and analysed for microplastics accumulation. Further, we identified the microplastic size through stereomicroscope, in grapes and banana the microplastic size was 0.002 mm and 0.01 mm respectively as well as vegetables like potato and brinjal the microplastic size was 0.002 mm and 0.01mm. The identified microplastics had been chemically characterized by FT-IR and viewed through SEM.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Authentication of Microplastic Accumulation in Customary Fruits and Vegetables

Rajendran

Rajendiran

Pasupathi

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…While MPs have been detected in household dust, air, seafood (fish, molluscs, crustaceans), salt, bottled water, beer, milk, tap water, human faeces, and placenta (Mohamed Nor et al, [ 73 ]; Zhang et al, [ 126 ]; Ragusa et al [ 91 ]), the availability of data to obtain a comprehensive quantification of human exposure represented by these sources is currently limited due to a lack of data on food and other potentially significant exposure sources (Liu et al, [ 66 ]; Fadare et al, [ 39 ]; Dawson et al, [ 26 ]; Wright et al, [ 121 ]). Therefore, we used a default RSC of 20% consistent with the US EPA [ 110 ] guidance and tested the sensitivity of this assumption by varying the RSC from between 0.00001- 0.50, which we anticipate represents a reasonable range of extreme values aligned with scenarios whereby exposure to MPs in drinking water is either negligible or where it represents a potentially significant source of exposure, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and application of a health-based framework for informing regulatory action in relation to exposure of microplastic particles in California drinking water

Coffin¹,

Bouwmeester

Brander

et al. 2022

Micropl.&Nanopl.

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Microplastics have been documented in drinking water, but their effects on human health from ingestion, or the concentrations at which those effects begin to manifest, are not established. Here, we report on the outcome of a virtual expert workshop conducted between October 2020 and October 2021 in which a comprehensive review of mammalian hazard studies was conducted. A key objective of this assessment was to evaluate the feasibility and confidence in deriving a human health-based threshold value to inform development of the State of California’s monitoring and management strategy for microplastics in drinking water. A tiered approach was adopted to evaluate the quality and reliability of studies identified from a review of the peer-reviewed scientific literature. A total of 41 in vitro and 31 in vivo studies using mammals were identified and subjected to a Tier 1 screening and prioritization exercise, which was based on an evaluation of how each of the studies addressed various quality criteria. Prioritized studies were identified largely based on their application and reporting of dose–response relationships. Given that methods for extrapolating between in vitro and in vivo systems are currently lacking, only oral exposure in vivo studies were identified as fit-for-purpose within the context of this workshop. Twelve mammalian toxicity studies were prioritized and subjected to a Tier 2 qualitative evaluation by external experts. Of the 12 studies, 7 report adverse effects on male and female reproductive systems, while 5 reported effects on various other physiological endpoints. It is notable that the majority of studies (83%) subjected to Tier 2 evaluation report results from exposure to a single polymer type (polystyrene spheres), representing a size range of 0.040 to 20 µm. No single study met all desired quality criteria, but collectively toxicological effects with respect to biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress represented a consistent trend. While it was possible to derive a conservative screening level to inform monitoring activities, it was not possible to extrapolate a human–health-based threshold value for microplastics, which is largely due to concerns regarding the relative quality and reliability of current data, but also due to the inability to extrapolate data from studies using monodisperse plastic particles, such as polystyrene spheres to an environmentally relevant exposure of microplastics. Nevertheless, a conservative screening level value was used to estimate a volume of drinking water (1000 L) that could be used to support monitoring activities and improve our overall understanding of exposure in California’s drinking water. In order to increase confidence in our ability to derive a human–health-based threshold value in the future, several research recommendations are provided, with an emphasis towards strengthening how toxicity studies should be conducted in the future and an improved understanding of human exposure to microplastics, insights critically important to better inform future risk assessments. Graphical abstract

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“…One of the sources of MP accumulation in the human body is the ingestion of food contaminated with MPs from the environment [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ]. Another source is the release of large amounts of MPs from plastic packaging materials that come into direct contact with food, which has been confirmed by researchers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and Evaluation of Microplastics from Tea Filter Bags Based on Raman Imaging

Mei

Wang

Xiao

et al. 2022

Foods

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Microplastic (MP) contamination is a public issue for the environment and for human health. Plastic-based food filter bags, including polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, nylon 6 (NY6), and polyethylene, are widely used for soft drink sub-packaging, increasing the risk of MPs in foods and the environment. Three types of commercially available filter bags, including non-woven and woven bags, were collected, and MPs released after soaking were mapped using Raman imaging combined with chemometrics. Compared with peak area imaging at a single characteristic peak, Raman imaging combined with direct classical least squares calculation was more efficient and reliable for identifying MP features. Up to 94% of the bags released MPs after soaking, and there was no significant correlation with soaking conditions. Most MPs were tiny fragments and particles, and a few were fibrous MPs 620–840 μm in size. Woven NY6 filter bags had the lowest risk of releasing MPs. Source exploration revealed that most MPs originated from fragments and particles adsorbed on the surface of bags and strings. The results of this study are applicable to filter bag risk assessment and provide scientific guidance for regulating MPs in food.

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Microplastics and Nanoplastics: Emerging Contaminants in Food

Cited by 93 publications

References 151 publications

Authentication of Microplastic Accumulation in Customary Fruits and Vegetables

Authentication of Microplastic Accumulation in Customary Fruits and Vegetables

Development and application of a health-based framework for informing regulatory action in relation to exposure of microplastic particles in California drinking water

Identification and Evaluation of Microplastics from Tea Filter Bags Based on Raman Imaging

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