Microplastic variability in subsurface water from the Arctic to Antarctica

Pakhomova, Svetlana; Berezina, Anfisa; Lusher, Amy; Zhdanov, Igor; Silvestrova, Ksenia; Zavialov, Peter; Bavel, Bert van

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118808

Cited by 32 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The interactions between river plumes and ambient sea are important for understanding land-ocean fluxes of fluvial water and river-borne dissolved and suspended matter. Structure and circulation at the plume border play an important role in transport of fine terrigenous sediments [7][8][9][10][11][12][13] and floating matter, including river-borne marine litter and microplastic [14][15][16][17], fish larvae [18][19][20][21], etc. However, many processes at the plume-sea interface remain understudied, especially those with small spatial and temporal scales.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lateral Border of a Small River Plume: Salinity Structure, Instabilities and Mass Transport

et al. 2022

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The interfaces between small river plumes and ambient seawater have extremely sharp horizontal and vertical salinity gradients, often accompanied by velocity shear. It results in formation of instabilities at the lateral borders of small plumes. In this study, we use high-resolution aerial remote sensing supported by in situ measurements to study these instabilities. We describe their spatial and temporal characteristics and then reconstruct their relation to density gradient and velocity shear. We report that Rayleigh–Taylor instabilities, with spatial scales ~5–50 m, are common features of the sharp plume-sea interfaces and their sizes are proportional to the Atwood number determined by the cross-shore density gradient. Kelvin–Helmholtz instabilities have a smaller size (~3–7 m) and are formed at the plume border in case of velocity shear >20–30 cm/s. Both instabilities induce mass transport across the plume-sea interfaces, which modifies salinity structure of the plume borders and induces lateral mixing of small river plumes. In addition, aerial observations revealed wind-driven Stokes transport across the sharp plume-sea interface, which occurs in the shallow (~2–3 cm) surface layer. This process limitedly affects salinity structure and mixing at the plume border, however, it could be an important issue for the spread of river-borne floating particles in the ocean.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lateral Border of a Small River Plume: Salinity Structure, Instabilities and Mass Transport

et al. 2022

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“…Although the Southern Ocean also probably receives plastic particles from lower latitudes through long-range marine and atmospheric transport, 140 their concentrations in open ocean waters appear to be very low. By sampling floating MPs (>100 μm) in subsurface waters from the Arctic to the Scotia Sea, Pakhomova et al 141 found significantly lower concentrations in the Southern Hemisphere than in the Northern. In surface and subsurface waters of the Weddell Sea gyre, Leistenschneider et al 142 measured MP concentrations of 0.01 ± 0.01 m −3 and 0.04 ± 0.1 m −3 , respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental contamination and climate change in Antarctic ecosystems: an updated overview

Bargagli,

Rota

2024

Environ. Sci.: Adv.

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“…The presence of plastic debris in the environment has been largely overlooked until recently. In the aquatic environment, the plastic wastes are susceptible to degradation at their accessible polymer surface into large quantities of microplastics (MPs, less than 5 mm in size) and nanoplastics (NPs, less than 1 μm in size) by a series of natural processes (cracking, fragmentation, oxidation, and chain scission), − which makes it difficult to remove through water treatment system. − In recent years, different types of MPs/NPs have been detected in freshwater systems, soil, air, and even in the areas of the Arctic and Antarctic. − Besides, numerous reports highlight the presence of MP/NPs in daily life products such as cosmetics, drinking water, tea bags, milk, and foods. , Although not visible to the human eye, MPs/NPs are everywhere and pose an emerging concern for environmental organisms and human health. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of Polypropylene Nanoplastics Via Thermal Oxidation Reaction for Human Cells Responsiveness Studies

Hiranphinyophat,

Hiraoka,

Kobayashi

et al. 2023

Langmuir

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With the current worldwide increasing use of plastics year by year, nanoplastics (NPs) have become a global threat to environmental and public health concerns. Among plastics, polypropylene (PP) is widely used in industrial and medical applications. Owing to the lack of validated detection methods and standard materials for PP NPs, understanding the impact of PP NPs on the environmental and biological systems is still limited. Here, isotactic polypropylene (iPP) was fabricated into oxidized polypropylene micro/nanoplastics (OPPs) via a thermal oxidation using hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) under various heating temperatures. The resulting OPPs were investigated in terms of the size distribution, surface chemistry, morphology, and thermal property as well as their concentration-dependent cytotoxicity to a human intestinal epithelial cell line (Caco-2), which could be a route to uptake NPs into the body through the food chain. The average diameters of the OPPs decrease with increasing reaction temperature. The OPPs obtained at 175 °C (OPP175) were spherical in shape and had a rough surface, with size distributions of approximately 0.14 ± 0.02 μm. A significant increase in the carbonyl content of the oxidized product was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses. Caco-2 cells were exposed to OPP175 in a dose-dependent manner, and a significant loss of cell viability occurred at the concentration of 100 μg/mL. Thus, this study provides a fundamental approach for the fabrication of a model of NPs for the urgently demanded in vitro and in vivo studies to assess the potential impact of NPs on biological systems.

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Microplastic variability in subsurface water from the Arctic to Antarctica

Cited by 32 publications

References 51 publications

Lateral Border of a Small River Plume: Salinity Structure, Instabilities and Mass Transport

Lateral Border of a Small River Plume: Salinity Structure, Instabilities and Mass Transport

Environmental contamination and climate change in Antarctic ecosystems: an updated overview

Fabrication of Polypropylene Nanoplastics Via Thermal Oxidation Reaction for Human Cells Responsiveness Studies

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