Microplastic Ingestion in Aquatic Animals in South East Asia

Abstract

The study aimed to review the ingestion of microplastics by aquatic animals in the South East Asia and the impacts of this ingestion on the environment, human health, and species health, as well as to explore technologies for remediation. Microplastic particles range in size from 1 to 5 microns and are the result of the breakdown of larger, original plastic particles. Microplastic was defined in 2011, but the majority of people did not view it as a serious pollutant or act accordingly. Microplastic is a serious pollutant that has prompted increased research and experimentation since 2005. Microplastics are so small that they can enter the tissues and organs of aquatic animals. Malaysia produces a quantity of plastic waste and receives plastic waste from other countries for disposal. The effects of microplastic on aquatic animals have been studied in relation to the ecosystem cycle and food chain. The presence of microplastic in aquatic animals has detrimental effects on the environment, human health, species health, and the ecosystem. Physical, chemical, and biological technologies are provided, as well as a combination of two technologies, for the remediation of microplastic, which aids in the removal of microplastic from the environment and the reduction of microplastic in aquatic animals. These technologies aim to reduce the concentration of microplastics in water bodies, preventing their ingestion by aquatic animals. However, their efficiency in tropical regions may vary, depending on the specific environmental conditions. It requires continued research, policy, and public awareness to mitigate the impacts of microplastics on the environment and human health. In addition, microplastics generate some challenges and opportunities for reducing microplastics' impact on humans and the environment in the future.