Microplastic diagnostics in humans: “The 3Ps” Progress, problems, and prospects

Kutralam-Muniasamy, Gurusamy; Shruti, V.C.; Pérez-Guevara, Fermín; Roy, Priyadarsi D.

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159164

Cited by 144 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Compared with the primary MPs, higher toxicity of secondary MPs to HaCaT cells (simulate skin) was found due to the higher uptake efficiency, as evidenced by lower cell viability, higher lysosomal accumulation, cellular ROS, mitochondrial loss, and mitochondrial superoxide. Thus, dermal exposure of MPs should be considered in terms of skin damage and possibly following intake, in addition to ingestion and inhalation . We demonstrated the ZnO-catalyzed transformation of MPs accelerated by environmental factors including water and sunlight.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Thus, dermal exposure of MPs should be considered in terms of skin damage and possibly following intake, in addition to ingestion and inhalation. 70 We demonstrated the ZnO-catalyzed transformation of MPs accelerated by environmental factors including water and sunlight. However, the interaction between the extracted ZnO NPs and MPs in the "real nature" as well as the risk assessment of the transformed MPs (secondary MPs) in an aquatic environment need to be further addressed.…”

Section: Characterization Of Zno Nps and Mps Extracted Frommentioning

confidence: 90%

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Photodegradation of Microplastics by ZnO Nanoparticles with Resulting Cellular and Subcellular Responses

Sun

Wang

2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Both zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and microplastics (MPs) were extracted from one commercial sunscreen, while other ingredients were removed based on the “like dissolves like” principle. MPs were further extracted by acidic digestion of ZnO NPs using HCl and characterized as spherical particles of approximately 5 μm with layered sheets in an irregular shape on the surface. Although MPs were stable in the presence of simulated sunlight and water after 12 h of exposure, ZnO NPs promoted the photooxidation by producing hydroxyl radicals, with a 2.5-fold increase in the carbonyl index of the degree of surface oxidation. As a result of surface oxidation, spherical MPs were more soluble in water and fragmented to irregular shapes with sharp edges. We then compared the cytotoxicity of primary MPs and secondary MPs (25–200 mg/L) to the HaCaT cell line based on viability loss and subcellular damages. The cellular uptake of MPs transformed by ZnO NPs was enhanced by over 20%, and MPs caused higher cytotoxicity compared with the pristine ones, as evidenced by a 46% lower cell viability, 220% higher lysosomal accumulation, 69% higher cellular reactive oxygen species, 27% more mitochondrial loss, and 72% higher mitochondrial superoxide at 200 mg/L. Our study for the first time explored the activation of MPs by ZnO NPs derived from commercial products and revealed the high cytotoxicity caused by secondary MPs, providing new evidence on the effects of secondary MPs on human health.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Characterization Of Zno Nps and Mps Extracted Frommentioning

confidence: 90%

Photodegradation of Microplastics by ZnO Nanoparticles with Resulting Cellular and Subcellular Responses

Sun

Wang

2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…In addition, blank samples should be used during the experiment to monitor potential contamination. Kutralam-Muniasamy et al, summarized the measures taken to avoid contamination in laboratory experiments and during sample collection process in detail, which provide an excellent reference (Kutralam-Muniasamy et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Detection Of Microplastics In Human and Terrestrial Higher M...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Research advances of microplastics and potential health risks of microplastics on terrestrial higher mammals: a bibliometric analysis and literature review

Liu

Xiong

et al. 2023

Environ Geochem Health

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Microplastics (MPs) have become increasingly serious global problems due to their wide distribution and complicated impacts on living organisms. To obtain a comprehensive overview of the latest research progress on MPs, we conducted a bibliometric analysis combined with a literature review. The results showed that the number of studies on MPs has grown exponentially since 2010. Recently, the hotspot on MPs has shifted to terrestrial ecosystems and biological health risks, including human health risks. In addition, the toxic effects, identification and quantification of MPs are relatively new research hotspots. We subsequently provide a review of MPs studies related to health risks to terrestrial higher mammals and, in particular, to humans, including detection methods and potential toxicities based on current studies. Currently, MPs have been found existing in human feces, blood, colon, placenta and lung, but it is still unclear whether this is associated with related systemic diseases. In vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated that MPs cause intestinal toxicity, metabolic disruption, reproductive toxicity, neurotoxicity, immunotoxicity through oxidative stress, apoptosis and specific pathways, etc. Notably, in terms of combined effects with pollutants and neurotoxicity, the effects of MPs are still controversial. Future attention should be paid to the detection and quantification of MPs in human tissues, exploring the combined effects and related mechanisms of MPs with other pollutants and clarifying the association between MPs and the development of pre-existing diseases. Our work enhances further understanding of the potential health risks of MPs to terrestrial higher mammals. Graphical abstract Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10653-022-01458-8.

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“…Once ingested, >90% of MPs were reported to be excreted in faeces [ 70 ], especially large particles >150 μm; however, smaller particles may be absorbed systematically. It has been reported that MPs 0.1–10 μm in size can cross the blood-brain barrier and the placenta [ 71 ], particles < 150 μm can cross the gastrointestinal epithelium, and particles < 2.5 μm can enter the systemic circulation through endocytosis [ 71 , 72 ]. Upon entering in biological systems, plastics break down into small particles through biotic and abiotic weathering and transformation processes, creating massive amounts of smaller plastic particles in the environment, including plastic particles of <5 mm or MPs.…”

Section: Microplastics: Routes Of Exposure and Mechanisms Of Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, as mentioned, recent studies have described the presence of MPs and NPs in human blood [ 71 , 72 ]. In this sense, the metabolic alterations, especially lipid ones, described in relation to the presence of MPs [ 16 , 75 , 124 , 126 , 127 ] could be indirectly related to the development of NAFLD.…”

Section: Microplastics and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Are Ingested or Inhaled Microplastics Involved in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease?

Auguet

Bertran

Barrientos-Riosalido

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged as the predominant cause of chronic liver injury; however, the mechanisms underlying its progression have not been fully elucidated. Pathophysiological studies have stated that NAFLD is significantly influenced by dietary and environmental factors that could participate in the development of NAFLD through different mechanisms. Currently, “plastic pollution” is one of the most challenging environmental problems worldwide since several plastics have potential toxic or endocrine disputing properties. Specifically, the intake of microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) in water or diet and/or the inhalation from suspended particles is well established, and these particles have been found in human samples. Laboratory animals exposed to MPs develop inflammation, immunological responses, endocrine disruptions, and alterations in lipid and energy metabolism, among other disorders. MPs additives also demonstrated adverse reactions. There is evidence that MPs and their additives are potential “obesogens” and could participate in NAFLD pathogenesis by modifying gut microbiota composition or even worsen liver fibrosis. Although human exposure to MPs seems clear, their relationship with NAFLD requires further study, since its prevention could be a possible personalized therapeutic strategy. Adequate mitigation strategies worldwide, reducing environmental pollution and human exposure levels of MPs, could reduce the risk of NAFLD.

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Microplastic diagnostics in humans: “The 3Ps” Progress, problems, and prospects

Cited by 144 publications

References 52 publications

Photodegradation of Microplastics by ZnO Nanoparticles with Resulting Cellular and Subcellular Responses

Photodegradation of Microplastics by ZnO Nanoparticles with Resulting Cellular and Subcellular Responses

Research advances of microplastics and potential health risks of microplastics on terrestrial higher mammals: a bibliometric analysis and literature review

Are Ingested or Inhaled Microplastics Involved in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease?

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