Microphysics of Clouds and Precipitation

Pruppacher, H. R.; Klett, James D.

doi:10.1007/978-94-009-9905-3

Cited by 3,561 publications

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“…This rule states that the interfacial energy between two mutually saturated liquids is given by the absolute difference of their respective surface tensions against vapor (air). Antonoffs rule has successfully been applied to calculate the interface energy for the ice/water system and is given as [ Pruppacher and Klett, 1978] =lo 28.5+0.25(T-273.15) (9) tension data that we used to derive the relation given in the appendix. In addition, the applicability of Antonoffs rule to this system has not been tested in the laboratory.…”

Section: B ] X!(t Ws) = A(ws)t • Exp T-to(ws) (6)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A model description for cirrus cloud nucleation from homogeneous freezing of sulfate aerosols

Tabazadeh¹,

Jensen²,

Toon³

1997

J. Geophys. Res.

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Abstract. Classical nucleation theory for homogeneous freezing as well as recent laboratory data are used to formulate an algorithm for ice nucleation from an aqueous sulfuric acid solution droplet. A new pammeterized function is derived from re•nt thermodynamic data to express the variation of stflfiafc acid solution composition with temperature and relative humidity. This function is then used to derive critical ice nucleation parameters from recent laboratory data. The critical nucleation parameters are used in a classical nucleation theory to derive the diffusion activation energy of water molecules in a sulfuric acid solution from the measurements. The derived diffusion activation energy of water molecules in a sulfuric acid solution does not agree with the diffusion activation energy calculated from a viscous flow formulation that is commonly used in classical nucleation rate calculations. Our restfits show that ice nucleation in a stdfate droplet occurs when the interface energy of ice against the stdfate solution is approximately 17 dyn cm 4. We calculate that a supersaturation ratio of about 1.3 to 1.5 is required to nucleate ice from an aqueous stdfuric acid solution droplet in the temperature range of about 185 to 240 K. This supersaturation corresponds to a supercooling of a stdfate solution to about 2 to 3 K below the equilibrium condensation point of ice. Simple functions are given for estimating the nucleation point of ice in the upper troposphere. The differences between previous parameterizations and this work are discussect

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Section: B ] X!(t Ws) = A(ws)t • Exp T-to(ws) (6)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A model description for cirrus cloud nucleation from homogeneous freezing of sulfate aerosols

Tabazadeh¹,

Jensen²,

Toon³

1997

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…Nevertheless, ascertaining the precise number of degrees of freedom in an aggregating system is no mean task witness the tortuous and unresolved route followed in other areas of physical chemistry (see for instance ref. [8] for a discussion on the formation of water droplets). Here, n is supposed a free parameter pending further experimental work.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth of linear charged micelles

Odijk

1991

Biophysical Chemistry

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The electrostatics of micellar growth is reviewed and extended for solutions containing excess salt. In dilute solution the expansion of a linear micelle with increasing salt concentration is explained for a wide range of ionic strength. When the micellar charge density is very high, counterions condense nonuniformly onto the micellar rod. In that case the micelle may contract upon the addition of salt. In semidilute solutions the excluded-volume effect is an additional factor complicating the ionic strength dependence of micellar growth.

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“…The crystallographic structure match was considered one of the specific characteristic requirements to be met for a particle to serve as an efficient IN [Pruppacher and Klett, 1997], because crystallographic surface provides preferred configurations for the water molecules to bond and reduce free energy associated with the substrate-ice interface. It is hypothesized that small crystallographic differences between the substrate (for example, dust surface in this study) and ice will reduce the interface-free energy at the substrate-ice interface and will aid to induce ice formation [Pruppacher and Klett, 1997].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is hypothesized that small crystallographic differences between the substrate (for example, dust surface in this study) and ice will reduce the interface-free energy at the substrate-ice interface and will aid to induce ice formation [Pruppacher and Klett, 1997]. These crystallographic properties can be represented with lattice parameters (Table 1; see section S3 for more details).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of crystallographic properties on the ice nucleation properties of volcanic ash particles

Kulkarni

Nandasiri

Zelenyuk

et al. 2015

Geophysical Research Letters

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Specific chemical and physical properties of volcanic ash particles that could affect their ability to induce ice formation are poorly understood. In this study, the ice nucleating properties of size‐selected volcanic ash and mineral dust particles in relation to their surface chemistry and crystalline structure at temperatures ranging from −30 to −38°C were investigated in deposition mode. Ice nucleation efficiency of dust particles was higher compared to ash particles at all temperature and relative humidity conditions. Particle characterization analysis shows that surface elemental composition of ash and dust particles was similar; however, the structural properties of ash samples were different.

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Microphysics of Clouds and Precipitation

Cited by 3,561 publications

References 0 publications

A model description for cirrus cloud nucleation from homogeneous freezing of sulfate aerosols

A model description for cirrus cloud nucleation from homogeneous freezing of sulfate aerosols

Growth of linear charged micelles

Effects of crystallographic properties on the ice nucleation properties of volcanic ash particles

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