Micropatterning of Liquid Metal by Dewetting

Kim, Taejoon; Kim, Kwangseok; Kim, Seokbeom; Lee, Jungchul; Kim, Wonjung

doi:10.1109/jmems.2017.2723628

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…LM is introduced into and extracted from the drilled holes through the utilization of a syringe. This method of actuation is widely employed and has been documented in numerous studies, such as those in [33], [34], [35], [36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], and [69]. Several alternative actuation techniques are also present in the literature, including: a) utilizing a micropump, as reported in [43], [44], [45], [46], and [47], and b) employing electrochemically controlled capillary action, as explained in [48] and [49].…”

Section: Fabrication Considerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phased Array Antenna System Enabled by Liquid Metal Phase Shifters

Alkaraki,

Lin,

Kelly

et al. 2023

IEEE Access

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This paper introduces a proof of concept design for the first phased array antenna design enabled by liquid metal (LM) technology. The proposed LM phased array antenna system is based on substrate integrated waveguides (SIW) to excite an 1 × 4 printed dipole antenna array. To effectively control the phase distribution on SIW power dividers, the liquid metals performed as a shorting pin along the body of the SIW are implemented. The proposed LM integrated SIW structure enables a large-phase tuning ratio of 360 • . This new LM based phase shifters perform stable, low loss and wideband performance for the phased antenna array. In addition, a reconfigurability of the phase controls on the proposed phased antenna array can be realized when the LMs are filled in and out on the designated vias on the SIWs. To validate the proposed antenna array, simulation and measurement are carried out in this work. A prototype of the proposed LM phased array antenna operates at 10 GHz is measured, which confirms the array can have a 12% impedance bandwidth and the maximum gain of 8.3dBi with the scanning range of ±38 • along the end-fire direction. This proposed technology is reliable and cost-effective for wideband phased array applications INDEX TERMS Liquid metal, EGaIN, phased array, phase shifters, reconfigurable antenna, substrate integrated waveguide.

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Section: Fabrication Considerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phased Array Antenna System Enabled by Liquid Metal Phase Shifters

Alkaraki,

Lin,

Kelly

et al. 2023

IEEE Access

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“…LMs and their composites can selectively wet certain organic or inorganic , traces due to inherent and induced affinity or by applying a suitable voltage . As opposed to wetting, dewetting (reducing LMs surface adhesion by removing the oxide layer) and wiping (using absolute ethanol to wipe LMs out) are utilized to remove the excessive LM films and form desirable patterns.…”

Section: Fabrication Routes For Lm-based Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Role of Liquid Metals in Sensing

Baharfar

Kalantar‐zadeh

2022

ACS Sens.

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Low melting point metals and alloys are the group of materials that combine metallic and liquid properties, simultaneously. The fascinating characteristics of liquid metals (LMs) including softness and high electrical and thermal conductivity, as well as their unique interfacial chemistry, have started to dominate various research disciplines. Utilization of LMs as responsive interfaces, enabling sensing in a flexible and versatile manner, is one of the most promising traits demonstrated for LMs. In the context of LMs-enabled sensors, gallium (Ga) and its alloys have emerged as multipurpose functional materials with many compelling physical and chemical properties. Responsiveness to different stimuli and easy-to-functionalize interfaces of Ga-based LMs make them ideal candidates for a variety of sensing applications. However, despite the vast capabilities of Ga-based LMs in sensing, applications of these materials for developing different sensors have not been fully explored. In the present review, we provide a comprehensive overview regarding the applications of Ga-based LMs in a wide range of sensing approaches that cover different physical and chemical sensors. The unique features of Ga-based LMs, which make them promising materials for sensing, are discussed in subsections followed by relevant case studies. Finally, challenges as well as the prospected future and developing motifs are highlighted for each type of LM-based sensors.

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“…Meanwhile, methods of dewetting [104] and wiping [105] utilized the property that liquid metal would be oxidized immediately and form a thin oxide layer when exposed to the air or oxygen. The oxide layer could increase the adhesion between liquid metal and micro-channels.…”

Section: Dewetting and Wipingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Liquid Metal-Enabled Flexible and Wearable Sensors

2020

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Sensors are core elements to directly obtain information from surrounding objects for further detecting, judging and controlling purposes. With the rapid development of soft electronics, flexible sensors have made considerable progress, and can better fit the objects to detect and, thus respond to changes more sensitively. Recently, as a newly emerging electronic ink, liquid metal is being increasingly investigated to realize various electronic elements, especially soft ones. Compared to conventional soft sensors, the introduction of liquid metal shows rather unique advantages. Due to excellent flexibility and conductivity, liquid-metal soft sensors present high enhancement in sensitivity and precision, thus producing many profound applications. So far, a series of flexible and wearable sensors based on liquid metal have been designed and tested. Their applications have also witnessed a growing exploration in biomedical areas, including health-monitoring, electronic skin, wearable devices and intelligent robots etc. This article presents a systematic review of the typical progress of liquid metal-enabled soft sensors, including material innovations, fabrication strategies, fundamental principles, representative application examples, and so on. The perspectives of liquid-metal soft sensors is finally interpreted to conclude the future challenges and opportunities.2 of 25 to monitor skin strain and muscle movement [32]. Introduction of soft sensors has greatly propelled the development of intelligent artificial skin, which provides not only aesthetic functions, but also perception of tactile sensation and temperature measurement [33,34]. They can also be applied to realize intelligent perception and control for robots [35][36][37]. Moreover, flexible sensors can tightly fit the object and maintain performance even while being stretched. In this way, they can respond to changes more sensitively and detect position and posture alteration in real time.Up to now, materials and techniques to achieve flexible sensors have been widely explored. To obtain better application output for the human body, both flexibility and biocompatibility of the substrates are required. Soft thermoplastic polymers and silicone elastomers are the most common substrates used to fabricate flexible sensors, such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), poly urethane (PU), polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and Eco Flex [38]. Moreover, the sensing elements are other important parts, which are mainly made up of conductive materials, including organic and inorganic nanomaterials [39,40]. Carbon-based materials, such as carbon nanotube and graphene, have been investigated in various soft circuits [39,[41][42][43][44][45][46]. Although circuits fabricated by carbon-based materials are highly stretchable, they are not as conductive as those fabricated by metals. Nanoparticles of rigid metals are applied to design soft circuits with high conductivity, among which silver nanoparticles have been extensively studied [47][48][49][50][51][52][53]. Moreover, liquid me...

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Micropatterning of Liquid Metal by Dewetting

Cited by 15 publications

References 23 publications

Phased Array Antenna System Enabled by Liquid Metal Phase Shifters

Phased Array Antenna System Enabled by Liquid Metal Phase Shifters

Emerging Role of Liquid Metals in Sensing

Advances in Liquid Metal-Enabled Flexible and Wearable Sensors

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