Micropatterning of cells reveals chiral morphogenesis

Wan, Leo Q.; Ronaldson, Kacey; Guirguis, Mark; Vunjak-Novakovic, Gordana

doi:10.1186/scrt172

Cited by 27 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…In this study, we define the sharp end of the cell as the leading edge, rather than the large, blunt-end used in the traditional definition for migration (Figure 2E) 21, 30, 46, 48 . This is because in multicellular culture, the cells need to wedge their way between each other in order to migrate, just like neutrophil transendothelial migration and extravasation 10, 15, 20, 43 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiaxial Polarity Determines Individual Cellular and Nuclear Chirality

et al. 2016

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Intrinsic cell chirality has been implicated in the left-right (LR) asymmetry of embryonic development. Impaired cell chirality could lead to severe birth defects in laterality. Previously, we detected cell chirality with an in vitro micropatterning system. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that chirality can be quantified as the coordination of multiaxial polarization of individual cells and nuclei. Using an object labeling, connected component based method, we characterized cell chirality based on cell and nuclear shape polarization and nuclear positioning of each cell in multicellular patterns of epithelial cells. We found that the cells adopted a LR bias the boundaries by positioning the sharp end towards the leading edge and leaving the nucleus at the rear. This behavior is consistent with the directional migration observed previously on the boundary of micropatterns. Although the nucleus is chirally aligned, it is not strongly biased towards or away from the boundary. As the result of the rear positioning of nuclei, the nuclear positioning has an opposite chirality to that of cell alignment. Overall, our results have revealed deep insights of chiral morphogenesis as the coordination of multiaxial polarization at the cellular and subcellular levels.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiaxial Polarity Determines Individual Cellular and Nuclear Chirality

et al. 2016

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“…; Wan et al . ). These asymmetries suggest that these cells have an intrinsic handedness or ‘cellular chirality’.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Rotating pigment cells exhibit an intrinsic chirality

Yamanaka

Kondo

2014

Genes to Cells

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In multicellular organisms, cell properties, such as shape, size and function are important in morphogenesis and physiological functions. Recently, 'cellular chirality' has attracted attention as a cellular property because it can cause asymmetry in the bodies of animals. In recent in vitro studies, the left-right bias of cellular migration and of autonomous arrangement of cells under some specific culture conditions were discovered. However, it is difficult to identify the molecular mechanism underlying their intrinsic chirality because the left-right bias observed to date is subtle or is manifested in the stable orientation of cells. Here, we report that zebrafish (Danio rerio) melanophores exhibit clear cellular chirality by unidirectional counterclockwise rotational movement under isolated conditions without any special settings. The chirality is intrinsic to melanophores because the direction of the cellular rotation was not affected by the type of extracellular matrix. We further found that the cellular rotation was generated as a counter action of the clockwise movement of actin cytoskeleton. It suggested that the mechanism that directs actin cytoskeleton in the clockwise direction is pivotal for determining cellular chirality.

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“…Upon meeting boundary restrictions cells are forced to break symmetry to acquire lower energy states. This spontaneous decision seems to be made by almost all cell types and is highly consistent for a given cell type [155][156][157]. Notably, actin function is critical for chiral transitions on patterned surfaces [155].…”

Section: Actomyosin-dependent Chiral Symmetry Breakingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytoskeletal Symmetry Breaking and Chirality: From Reconstituted Systems to Animal Development

Pohl

2015

Symmetry

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Animal development relies on repeated symmetry breaking, e.g., during axial specification, gastrulation, nervous system lateralization, lumen formation, or organ coiling. It is crucial that asymmetry increases during these processes, since this will generate higher morphological and functional specialization. On one hand, cue-dependent symmetry breaking is used during these processes which is the consequence of developmental signaling. On the other hand, cells isolated from developing animals also undergo symmetry breaking in the absence of signaling cues. These spontaneously arising asymmetries are not well understood. However, an ever growing body of evidence suggests that these asymmetries can originate from spontaneous symmetry breaking and self-organization of molecular assemblies into polarized entities on mesoscopic scales. Recent discoveries will be highlighted and it will be discussed how actomyosin and microtubule networks serve as common biomechanical systems with inherent abilities to drive spontaneous symmetry breaking.

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Micropatterning of cells reveals chiral morphogenesis

Cited by 27 publications

References 49 publications

Multiaxial Polarity Determines Individual Cellular and Nuclear Chirality

Multiaxial Polarity Determines Individual Cellular and Nuclear Chirality

Rotating pigment cells exhibit an intrinsic chirality

Cytoskeletal Symmetry Breaking and Chirality: From Reconstituted Systems to Animal Development

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