Microparticles in the Development and Improvement of Pharmaceutical Formulations: An Analysis of In Vitro and In Vivo Studies

Abstract

Microparticulate systems such as microparticles, microspheres, microcapsules or any particle in a micrometer scale (usually of 1–1000 µm) are widely used as drug delivery systems, because they offer higher therapeutic and diagnostic performance compared to conventional drug delivery forms. These systems can be manufactured with many raw materials, especially polymers, most of which have been effective in improving the physicochemical properties and biological activities of active compounds. This review will focus on the in vivo and in vitro application in the last decade (2012 to 2022) of different active pharmaceutical ingredients microencapsulated in polymeric or lipid matrices, the main formulation factors (excipients and techniques) and mostly their biological activities, with the aim of introducing and discussing the potential applicability of microparticulate systems in the pharmaceutical field.

Preparation and Characterization of Polymeric Microparticles Based on Poly(ethylene brassylate-co-squaric Acid) Loaded with Norfloxacin

“…STEM microscopy reaffirms the suitability of PEBSA microparticles (PM 0 ) as drug delivery systems [ 46 , 47 ]. As Figure 6 b–d presents, all the synthesised bioactive microparticle samples have a roughly spherical shape, with PM 3 having the most uniform morphology.…”

Revolutionizing Wound Healing: Exploring Scarless Solutions through Drug Delivery Innovations

“…The utilization of microparticulated systems as carriers for targeted cell types or medications on injured skin shows promise in accelerating healing without scar formation. 89 Prolonged inflammation caused by low concentrations of GFs can hinder proper angiogenesis and delay the wound healing process, rendering wounds more vulnerable to bacterial infections. Zarubova et al 90 employed microencapsulation techniques to create VEGF-loaded microparticles (MP-VEGF), using a combination of alginate and heparin.…”

“…Moreover, certain polymers, like CS, have shown antibacterial activity in various studies, potentially exhibiting synergistic effects with the active ingredient. − Microparticles offer a versatile platform for enhancing existing drugs that require improvements in specific attributes and for delivering new active pharmaceutical ingredients that are not yet commercially available. The presence of commercially marketed drugs utilizing microparticle technology underscores the broad applications and positive impact of microscale technology in the pharmaceutical industry …”

“…The presence of commercially marketed drugs utilizing microparticle technology underscores the broad applications and positive impact of microscale technology in the pharmaceutical industry. 89 3.4. Nanoparticles.…”

Succinate, silicon dioxide, aluminium oxide, and silver nano- and microparticle influence on the model organism Drosophila melanogaster

“…Inorganic and organic nano-and microparticles have been studied and applied in various industrial areas (Joudeh and Linke, 2022) -food technology (Younes et al, 2018), agriculture (Aqeel et al, 2022), environmental remediation (Liwarska-Bizukojć and Olejnik, 2020), pharmaceutical biotechnology (da Silva et al, 2023), biomedical application (Abbasi et al, 2023), textile manufacturing (Ļašenko et al, 2022), industrial biotechnology (Laible et al, 2021), and other industrial and biotechnological processes.…”