Microparticles in cancer: A review of recent developments and the potential for clinical application

Abstract

Once thought of as inert remnants of cellular processes, the significance of membrane vesicles is now expanding as their capacity to package and transfer bioactive molecules during intercellular communication is established. This ability to serve as vectors in the trafficking of cellular cargo is of mounting interest in the context of cancer, particularly in the dissemination of deleterious cancer traits from parent cells to recipient cells. Although microparticles (MPs) contribute to the pathogenesis of cancer, their unique characteristics can also be also exploited in the context of cancer treatment. The detection of MPs in body fluids has the potential to provide an effective means for the diagnosis, prognosis and surveillance of cancer patients. The use of such easily accessible systemic biomarkers that reflect the characteristics of the parent cells circumvents the need for invasive biopsy procedures. In addition, the autologous nature of MPs may allow them to be used as novel therapeutic drug carriers. Thus the modulation of MP vesiculation, the detection of MPs in disease monitoring, and the application of MPs as therapeutic delivery vehicles present prospective clinical interventions in the treatment of cancer. Revision Notes1. The authors overviewed the contribution of microparticles (MPs) to the pathogenesis of cancer and the potential for clinical application of MPs. In contrast to the title of the manuscript "Microparticles in Cancer: A Review of Recent Developments and the Potential for Clinical Application.", a large part of the content of this manuscript occupied the refer and discussed on the publications of the authors' group. The authors should discuss more generally on state-of-the-art for clinical application of MPs or some other extracellular vesicles (EVs). The authors have now included an extra section on Page 10 discussing the clinical applications of extracellular vesicles in cancer.2. The authors should refer to sufficient publications in general, especially in cancer-derived extracellular vesicles.Other references relevant to this study have now been added.3. The term "microparticles" mainly used in this manuscript is not well documented. Is there any specific differences between MPs and EVs? If so please describe those appropriately in the text. An explanation has now been added on Page 3 to describe the different membrane vesicles.4. The authors described "exosomes" in the text in the section 4. However, there is no mentioned the differ from MPs. This is a very confusing. An explanation of the different membrane vesicles has now been included on Page 3.5. The content of the figure is a very limited information. Modify the figure more generously including more other findings on tumor metastasis and drug resistance. Additional figures have now been included. Revision NotesAbbreviations: Matrix metalloproteinases, MMPs; mesenchymal stem cells, MSC; MPs, microparticles; miRNA, microRNA; microvesicles, MVs; MDR, multidrug resistance; non-small cell lung carcinoma, NSCLC; P-gp, P...

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