Microparticles (Exosomes) and Atherosclerosis

Chen, Ya-Ting; Yuan, Hao‐Xiang; Ou, Zhi‐Jun; Ou, Jing‐Song

doi:10.1007/s11883-020-00841-z

Cited by 44 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…Macrophage-derived exosomes impair the growth of endothelial cells. The mechanism by which EVs induce impaired endothelial functions involves the inhibition of AKT/eNOS-heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) and the p38 MAPK-dependent pathway [ 88 ].…”

Section: Extracellular Vesicles Have the Potential To Predict Monitor And Act As Therapeutic Agents In Atherosclerosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular Vesicles: Versatile Nanomediators, Potential Biomarkers and Therapeutic Agents in Atherosclerosis and COVID-19-Related Thrombosis

Georgescu

Simionescu

2021

IJMS

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Cells convey information among one another. One instrument employed to transmit data and constituents to specific (target) cells is extracellular vesicles (EVs). They originate from a variety of cells (endothelial, immune cells, platelets, mesenchymal stromal cells, etc.), and consequently, their surface characteristics and cargo vary according to the paternal cell. The cargo could be DNA, mRNA, microRNA, receptors, metabolites, cytoplasmic proteins, or pathological molecules, as a function of which EVs exert different effects upon endocytosis in recipient cells. Recently, EVs have become important participants in a variety of pathologies, including atherogenesis and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated thrombosis. Herein, we summarize recent advances and some of our own results on the role of EVs in atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, and discuss their potential to function as signaling mediators, biomarkers and therapeutic agents. Since COVID-19 patients have a high rate of thrombotic events, a special section of the review is dedicated to the mechanism of thrombosis and the possible therapeutic potential of EVs in COVID-19-related thrombosis. Yet, EV mechanisms and their role in the transfer of information between cells in normal and pathological conditions remain to be explored.

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Section: Extracellular Vesicles Have the Potential To Predict Monitor And Act As Therapeutic Agents In Atherosclerosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular Vesicles: Versatile Nanomediators, Potential Biomarkers and Therapeutic Agents in Atherosclerosis and COVID-19-Related Thrombosis

Georgescu

Simionescu

2021

IJMS

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“…In this process, small vesicles are released from the cell membrane and are called microvesicles (MVs). MVs circulate in the bloodstream, which in turn triggers thrombosis and inflammation ( 98 ). There is evidence that the cell number of Treg and Th17 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases ( 99 ).…”

Section: Evs and Autoimmune Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Autoimmune Pathogenesis

Song

Zhang

et al. 2020

Front. Immunol.

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Autoimmune diseases are conditions that emerge from abnormal immune responses to natural parts of the body. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous structures found in almost all types of cells. Because EVs often transport "cargo" between cells, their ability to crosstalk may be an important communication pathway within the body. The pathophysiological role of EVs is increasingly recognized in autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjogren's syndrome, Type 1 diabetes, and autoimmune thyroid disease. EVs are considered as biomarkers of these diseases. This article outlines existing knowledge on the biogenesis of EVs, their role as messegers in cellular communication and the function in T/B cell differentiation and maturation, and focusing on their potential application in autoimmune diseases.

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“…Extracellular vesicles are cell‐derived microparticles that exist in body fluids, mainly including MVs and exosomes (Sun et al, 2018). They are critical physiological pathways of intercellular communication in vivo, which can accelerate or alleviate atherosclerosis progression (Chen et al, 2020). Accordingly, we assumed that BMSCs‐MVs contributed to the stabilization of atherosclerotic plaques via the miR‐223/NLRP3 axis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells microvesicles stabilize atherosclerotic plaques by inhibiting NLRP3‐mediated macrophage pyroptosis

Lin

Liu

Chen

et al. 2020

Cell Biology International

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Rupture of atherosclerotic plaques constitutes the major cause of thrombosis and acute ischemic coronary syndrome. Bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells microvesicles (BMSCs‐MVs) are reported to promote angiogenesis. This study investigated the role of BMSCs‐MVs in stabilizing atherosclerotic plaques. BMSCs‐MVs in mice were isolated and identified. The mouse model of atherosclerosis was established, and mice were injected with BMSCs‐MVs via the tail vein. The macrophage model with high glucose and oxidative damage was established and then incubated with BMSCs‐MVs. Nod‐like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) expression, pyroptosis‐related proteins, and inflammatory factors were detected. Actinomycin D was used to inhibit the secretion of BMSCs‐MVs to verify the source of microRNA‐223 (miR‐223). The binding relationship between miR‐223 and NLRP3 was predicted and verified. BMSCs‐MVs with knockdown of miR‐223 were cocultured with bone marrow‐derived macrophages with knockdown of NLRP3, and then levels of miR‐223, NLRP3, pyroptosis‐related proteins, and inflammatory factors were detected. BMSCs‐MVs could reduce the vulnerability index of atherosclerotic plaques and intima‐media thickness in mice, and inhibit pyroptosis and inflammation. BMSCs‐MVs inhibited pyroptosis and inflammatory factors in macrophages. BMSCs‐MVs carried miR‐223 to inhibit NLRP3 expression and reduce macrophage pyroptosis, thereby stabilizing the atherosclerotic plaques.

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Microparticles (Exosomes) and Atherosclerosis

Cited by 44 publications

References 95 publications

Extracellular Vesicles: Versatile Nanomediators, Potential Biomarkers and Therapeutic Agents in Atherosclerosis and COVID-19-Related Thrombosis

Extracellular Vesicles: Versatile Nanomediators, Potential Biomarkers and Therapeutic Agents in Atherosclerosis and COVID-19-Related Thrombosis

Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Autoimmune Pathogenesis

Bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells microvesicles stabilize atherosclerotic plaques by inhibiting NLRP3‐mediated macrophage pyroptosis

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