Microparticles containing gallic and ellagic acids for the biological control of bacterial diseases of kiwifruit plants

Sustainable control strategies for plant protection and food packaging sectors by natural substances and novel nanotechnological approaches

“…The chemical composition of nanoparticles, their surface shape, charge and hydrophobicity, in addition to size and the presence or absence of functional groups or other chemical compounds, defines the applications of these compounds . However, although polymeric‐based nanoparticles used as carriers of AIs could represent a real novelty, it should still be considered that some metals remain fundamental in agricultural applications because numerous studies have confirmed that metal nanoparticles are effective against plant pathogens, pests and insects . Cupric salts, for example, represent the most used active agent in plant pathogen control, although their accumulation in the soil, phytotoxic effect and risks with respect to inducing resistance in plant pathogens lead the European Commission to ban their use for conventional and organic farms.…”

“…[51][52][53][54] However, although polymeric-based nanoparticles used as carriers of AIs could represent a real novelty, it should still be considered that some metals remain fundamental in agricultural applications because numerous studies have confirmed that metal nanoparticles are effective against plant pathogens, pests and insects. 32,[55][56][57] Cupric salts, for example, represent the most used active agent in plant pathogen control, although their accumulation in the soil, phytotoxic effect and risks with respect to inducing resistance in plant pathogens lead the European Commission to ban their use for conventional and organic farms. There is a particularly urgent need to develop alternative solutions and a few examples have been already proposed to control bacteria and fungi.…”

“…they are allowed only in some Countries, as well as a few in the USA) and the increasing pest resistance development, as well as the high cost-benefit ratio, there has been a growing interest in applied research concerning alternative pesticides characterized by antimicrobial active compounds, plant extracts and EOs 8,63,64 , which highlighted the particularly urgent need to advance 'green' strategies with respect to the development of organic active ingredients included in nanoformulations as a new category of biopesticides, such as by the valorization of AIs from waste agro-food chains. 2,3,47,56,57,[65][66][67][68][69][70][71]…”

Effective Postharvest Preservation of Kiwifruit and Romaine Lettuce with a Chitosan Hydrochloride Coating

“…Chitosan hydrochloride was dissolved at 1% (w/v) concentration in sterile distilled water under magnetic stirring for 2 h at RT. Then, 100 mL of the solution was added to 1 L of nutrient agar (NA) medium immediately before it was poured into the Petri dishes at a temperature of [40][41][42][43][44][45] • C, to obtain a final concentration of 1 g/L in the medium. Parallel controls were maintained with corresponding amounts of sterile distilled water mixed with NA medium.…”

“…carotovorum and to B. cinerea, not even studied here in depth, seems to be related to its bacteriostatic/fungistatic properties. Until now, antimicrobial activity of chitosan has been widely studied against clinically-important microorganisms; this can be considered a new contribution with respect to dangerous foodborne (bacteria and fungi) plant pathogens as other active principles of natural origin recently resulted in being able to control plant pathogens in greenhouses and in open fields [38][39][40]. Finally, it is well known that gray mold of kiwifruits is mainly caused by latent or wound infections that are produced in the orchard [41]; thus, effective postharvest control means need to provide curative activity (the treatment should be applied after the pathogen inoculation).…”