Microorganisms of the intestinal microbiota of Oncorhynchus mykiss produce antagonistic substances against bacteria contaminating food and causing disease in humans

Abstract

The objective was to analyse the antibacterial ability of members of the intestinal microbiota of Oncorhynchus mykiss specimens on several bacterial target strains that contaminate food and cause disease in humans. Bacterial colonies from an intestinal portion of the 20 specimens of O. mykiss were obtained in different culture media. Several of the colonies showed antibacterial action on different target strains. The bacterial species with the highest antagonistic capacity were Hafnia alvei and Lactococcus lactis and the more susceptible target strains were Aeromonas hydrophila, Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli. Moreover, it was shown that all the antibacterial substances were susceptible to the action of various proteolytic enzymes. The detection of substances of a proteinaceous nature, possibly bacteriocins produced by bacteria of the intestinal microbiota of O. mykiss, allows further study of these products to establish biotechnological developments in the area of health protection and food biopreservation.

The gut–liver axis and the intersection with the microbiome

“…36 This barrier restricts movement of microbes and molecules from the gut lumen, while allowing permselective, active transport of nutrients across the tight junctions. The intestinal barrier is further strengthened by several additional lines of defense: Mucins (heavily glycosylated protein aggregates) form a physical barrier between luminal bacteria and the underlying epithelial layer 36 Antibacterial lectins, such as regenerating islet-derived protein III-gamma (REG3G), which are produced by intestinal paneth cells to target bacteria associated with mucosal lining 37,38 Immunoglobulins, specifically sIgA, produced by plasma cells and transported into the lumen through the intestinal epithelial cells that neutralize microbial pathogens by blockading epithelial receptors 39 Commensal bacteria are closely associated with the gut mucosa, and reinforce barrier integrity by stimulating cell-mediated immunity via toll-like receptor mediated signaling 37,40 or by producing metabolites that directly strengthen tight junctions (short chain fatty acids) 41–43 and inhibit other microbes 44–46 …”

“…Commensal bacteria are closely associated with the gut mucosa, and reinforce barrier integrity by stimulating cell-mediated immunity via toll-like receptor mediated signaling 37,40 or by producing metabolites that directly strengthen tight junctions (short chain fatty acids) 41–43 and inhibit other microbes 44–46…”

The probiotics and their metabolites in aquaculture. A review

“…Enterococcos sp. Zhang et al, 2013, Gomez-Sala et al, 2015Lobos et al, 2017;Lyapparaj et al, 2013. Terpenoides. Alcaloides y policétidos Pseudomonas alteromonas Offret et al, 2016 Antibióticos Streptomyces Aponte- Ubillus et al, 2015;Evangelista-Martínez et al, 2017 con B. cereus en dosis de 10 7 , 10 9 y 10 11 UFC / kg durante 70 días.…”

“…Algunas de las bacteriocinas identificadas y aisladas de bacterias presentes en nichos marinos son principalmente aisladas de corales blandos (Sarcophyton glaucum Quoy & Gaiward, 1833) (EIahwany et al, 2015), trucha arcoíris (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) (Lobos et al, 2017), pez negro japonés (Sparus macrocephalus Basilewsky, 1855) (Zhang et al, 2013) e invertebrados marinos (ostras, briozoos, moluscos, tunicados, erizos de mar, algas y esponjas de mar) (Christensen & Martin, 2017;Desriac et al, 2010). Entre las bacterias aisladas de fuentes marinas y con capacidad de producir compuestos antimicrobianos se encuentran: Bacillus subtilis, Aeromona hydrophila, Clostridium butyricum, Vibrio fluvialis, Vibrio mediterranei (Pujalte & Garay, 1986), Actinobacterias (Gillor et al, 2008;Desriac et al, 2010) y bacterias del ácido láctico (BAL) presentes en la microbiota gastrointestinal de los peces como son: Lactobacillus acidophilus, Streptococcus, Carnobacterium maltaromaticum, Carnobacterium divergens, Leuconostoc lactis, Lactococcus lactis y Enterococcus faecium (Zhang et al, 2013;Gómez-Sala et al, 2015;Lobos et al, 2017), teniendo este grupo de bacterias una mayor capacidad de ser utilizadas como parte de un método de bioconservación por su categoría GRAS (Generally Recognize As Safe, por sus siglas en inglés). moto, Nakamura & Takizawa, 1961;Sakazaki, 1968) Streptococcus iniae, Carnobacterium piscicola, y Yersinia ruckeri (Desriac et al, 2010;Muñoz-Atienza et al, 2013;Watts et al, 2017).…”

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“…Algunas de las bacteriocinas identificadas y aisladas de bacterias presentes en nichos marinos son principalmente aisladas de corales blandos (Sarcophyton glaucum Quoy & Gaiward, 1833) (EIahwany et al, 2015), trucha arcoíris (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) (Lobos et al, 2017), pez negro japonés (Sparus macrocephalus Basilewsky, 1855) (Zhang et al, 2013) e invertebrados marinos (ostras, briozoos, moluscos, tunicados, erizos de mar, algas y esponjas de mar) (Christensen & Martin, 2017;Desriac et al, 2010). Entre las bacterias aisladas de fuentes marinas y con capacidad de producir compuestos antimicrobianos se encuentran: Bacillus subtilis, Aeromona hydrophila, Clostridium butyricum, Vibrio fluvialis, Vibrio mediterranei (Pujalte & Garay, 1986), Actinobacterias (Gillor et al, 2008;Desriac et al, 2010) y bacterias del ácido láctico (BAL) presentes en la microbiota gastrointestinal de los peces como son: Lactobacillus acidophilus, Streptococcus, Carnobacterium maltaromaticum, Carnobacterium divergens, Leuconostoc lactis, Lactococcus lactis y Enterococcus faecium (Zhang et al, 2013;Gómez-Sala et al, 2015;Lobos et al, 2017), teniendo este grupo de bacterias una mayor capacidad de ser utilizadas como parte de un método de bioconservación por su categoría GRAS (Generally Recognize As Safe, por sus siglas en inglés). moto, Nakamura & Takizawa, 1961;Sakazaki, 1968) Streptococcus iniae, Carnobacterium piscicola, y Yersinia ruckeri (Desriac et al, 2010;Muñoz-Atienza et al, 2013;Watts et al, 2017).…”