“…These side effects include the production of unpleasant odour, loss of mechanical strength of fabrics, appearance of stains and discolouration, and a higher risk of user to microbial infections. Microbial contamination is a major concern, particularly for textiles used in hospitals for health and hygiene care [ 192 , 193 ]., The same thing holds for athletic apparel and textiles that are used in water and air purification systems, packaging of foods and feeds, [ 194 , 195 ]. As a result of consumers' growing awareness of the implications on personal cleanliness and the health hazards that are linked with certain microbes such as Escherichia coli, Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii , research and demand for antimicrobial textiles have skyrocketed in recent years [ 191 , 196 ], with nanotextiles being actively discussed for different smart applications [ 57 ].…”