Microorganisms in bioaerosol emissions from wastewater treatment plants during summer at a Mediterranean site

Karra, Styliani; Katsivela, Eleftheria

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2006.12.014

Cited by 121 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…This is attributed to the absence of direct human disturbances, and good natural ventilation. Generally microbial concentrations in the urban environment are influenced by human activities 40 , and their composition varies in different cities 41 .In the present study there were unclear correlations found between airborne microorganisms and meteorological factors. This is attributed to the influence of irregular disturbances and human activities, which may have more influence on microbial concentrations than meteorological factors near the holy mosque.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

“…This could be explained on the bases of their cell wall structure and continuous sources. The low frequent detection of Gram negative bacteriais attributed to their sensitivity to the air environment 41 , and the initial shock due to desiccation after aerosolization 42 .Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria are common bacterial types in the urban environment, where Gammaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria have been regularly identified 1 . Mouli et al 43 found airborne Gram positive bacteria in the range of 60% -90% of the total bacterial population, in Tirupati, India; however Bacillus constituted 47.62% and Acinetobacteria 14.27% in the atmosphere of El Taief, Saudi Arabia 44 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Air Microbial Contamination at the Holy Mosque, Makkah, Saudi Arabia

Hameed¹,

Habeeballah²

2013

Curr World Environ

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Airborne microbial contamination was collected from the main directions of the holy mosque (Al-Haram mosque), Makkah city, by using the gravitational method.Bacteria, fungi and actinomycete concentrations ranged between 1470 -21800 CFU/m 3 ; 44 -572 CFU/m 3 , and 0.0 -264 CFU/m 3 , respectively at all directions. Bacterial concentrations significantly differed between directions, and Gram positive bacteria constituted ~ 90-100% of the total bacterial isolates. Gammaproteo bacteria were the common Gram negative bacteria, and Aspergillus was the predominant fungal genera. Mesophilic bacteria negatively related (P< 0.05) with relative humidity. Human activities had more effective influence on the microbial concentrations than the meteorological factors.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air Microbial Contamination at the Holy Mosque, Makkah, Saudi Arabia

Hameed¹,

Habeeballah²

2013

Curr World Environ

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“…Results obtained in case of samples from different stages of municipal WWTP in Spain shown that the highest amount of heterotrophic bacteria (5.6 9 10 3 CFU/m 3 ) were noted in pretreatment section, while in other parts were significantly lower (2.2 9 10 3 CFU/m 3 in primary clarifiers and 5 9 10 2 CFU/m 3 in aeration basins) (Pascual et al 2003). For example, Karra and Katsivela (2007) found that in Greece the highest concentrations of airborne microorganisms were observed at the aerated grit removal of wastewater at the pretreatment stage (mesophilic heterotrophic bacteria: 933 ± 636 CFU/m 3 ; fungi: 380 ± 200 CFU/m 3 ) than in indoor control (bacteria: 515 ± 295 CFU/m 3 ; fungi: 160 ± 50 CFU/m 3 ). Wlazło et al (2002) studied distribution of the exposure to airborne bacteria inside the small wastewater treatment plant in Myszków, Poland, obtaining the concentration level of total bacteria between 10 2 and 10 3 CFU/m 3 and indicated that the highest level was near the aeration basin.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Characteristics of airborne bacteria and fungi in some Polish wastewater treatment plants

Kowalski

Wolany

Pastuszka

et al. 2017

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The aim of this study was to characterize both the viable airborne bacteria and fungi collected in different types of wastewater treatment plants in Poland. Bacterial and fungal aerosols in five different wastewater treatment plants in Poland were studied, including the pioneering antibiotic resistance testing of airborne bacteria. Concentration level was measured using the six-stage Andersen impactor. After incubation, bioaerosol particles captured on nutrient media on Petri dishes were quantitatively evaluated and qualitatively identified. It was found that the concentration levels of both airborne bacteria and fungi ranged from 10 2 to 10 3 colony-forming units/m 3 , in all stages of the wastewater treatment plants. The patterns of size distributions of airborne bacteria and fungi were very similar, showing dominant peaks typically in the size range between 3.3 and 4.7 lm. The majority fraction of small bacterial and fungal particles (less than 4.7 lm) in the studied areas indicates that the bioaerosol is relatively fresh, and mostly of local origin. The Gram-positive cocci and nonsporing Gram-positive rods were the dominating forms in the studied wastewater treatment plants environment. The existing differences in the concentration levels between sampling sites enabled identification of the main bioaerosol sources. The highest concentration of bacterial aerosol appeared in sections, where activated sludge postprocessing and mechanical purifying are conducted. The most frequently occurring species in the sampled bacterial aerosol were Gram-positive cocci and nonsporing Grampositive rods. Multi-antibiotic resistance testing showed that among the isolated airborne bacteria, the most antibiotic-resistant features were present among Bacillus species (especially Bacillus mycoides).

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“…The bacteria were incubated in Nutrient agar at 37°C for 48 hr. Fungi were cultivated in Rose Bengal Medium (BR, Aoboxing Biotech, Co., China) at 25°C (Karra and Katsivela, 2007) for 72 hr. The positive-hole correction method was used to determine colony count concentrations (Andersen, 1958;Macher, 1989).…”

Section: Microbiological Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are correlated closely with air pollution and cause adverse health effects on workers (Fracchia et al, 2006). Many studies have been carried out to evaluate the biological risks of aerosols by determining the concentrations of viable microorganisms, using different sampling and detection methods (Fanni et al, 1985;Carducci et al, 2000;Brandi et al, 2000;Bauer et al, 2002;Pascual et al, 2003;Karra and Katsivela, 2007). In our previous investigation, bioaerosol samples were collected at a Beijing municipal wastewater treatment plant with orbal oxidation ditch.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of airborne microorganisms emitted from a wastewater treatment oxidation ditch by adsorption on activated carbon

Gao

Liu

et al. 2011

Journal of Environmental Sciences

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Bioaerosol emissions from wastewater and wastewater treatment processes are a significant subgroup of atmospheric aerosols. Most previous work has focused on the evaluation of their biological risks. In this study, however, the adsorption method was applied to reduce airborne microorganisms generated from a pilot scale wastewater treatment facility with oxidation ditch. Results showed adsorption on granule activated carbon (GAC) was an efficient method for the purification of airborne microorganisms. The GAC itself had a maximum adsorption capacity of 2217 CFU/g for airborne bacteria and 225 CFU/g for fungi with a flow rate of 1.50 m 3 /hr. Over 85% of airborne bacteria and fungi emitted from the oxidation ditch were adsorbed within 80 hr of continuous operation mode. Most of them had a particle size of 0.65-4.7 μm. Those airborne microorganisms with small particle size were apt to be adsorbed. The SEM/EDAX, BET and Boehm's titration methods were applied to analyse the physicochemical characteristics of the GAC. Relationships between GAC surface characteristics and its adsorption performance demonstrated that porous structure, large surface area, and hydrophobicity rendered GAC an effective absorber of airborne microorganisms. Two regenerate methods, ultraviolet irradiation and high pressure vapor, were compared for the regeneration of used activated carbon. High pressure vapor was an effective technique as it totally destroyed the microorganisms adhered to the activated carbon. Microscopic observation was also carried out to investigate original and used adsorbents.

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Microorganisms in bioaerosol emissions from wastewater treatment plants during summer at a Mediterranean site

Cited by 121 publications

References 17 publications

Air Microbial Contamination at the Holy Mosque, Makkah, Saudi Arabia

Air Microbial Contamination at the Holy Mosque, Makkah, Saudi Arabia

Characteristics of airborne bacteria and fungi in some Polish wastewater treatment plants

Removal of airborne microorganisms emitted from a wastewater treatment oxidation ditch by adsorption on activated carbon

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