Microorganisms as an Efficient Tool for Cellulase Production: Availability, Diversity, and Efficiency

Response surface optimization of cellulase production from Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus BKT-9: An isolate of urban Himalayan freshwater

“…Microorganisms from different environments produce several extracellular enzymes for bioconversion of lignocellulosic materials to simple sugars ( Leo et al, 2019 ). Many cellulose degrading microbes have been isolated from diverse environments like animal waste, gut, soil and water sources ( Leo et al, 2019 , Premalatha et al, 2015 ) and have been considered eco-friendly alternative to hazardous chemical processing of lignocellulosic materials but still are insufficient to meet industrial demands ( Premalatha et al, 2015 ). Moreover, bacteria are considered over fungi due to their more tolerance to harsh industrial conditions ( Mathews et al, 2015 ).…”

“…Moreover, the effect of different pretreatment methods (physical, chemical and biological) can be tested to improve microbial cellulase production ( Sharma et al, 2019 ). To enhance the microbial efficiency for cellulase production various techniques (mutations, recombination, consortium studies, nanotechnology and metagenomics) can be substituted for strain improvement and enhancement of cellulase competence ( Leo et al, 2019 ) in A. aneurinilyticus BKT-9. Moreover, this Himalayan ecosystem may be further exploited for industrially beneficial microorganisms as currently no study is available on its microbial potential of biotechnological use.…”

Lignocellulolytic Biocatalysts: The Main Players Involved in Multiple Biotechnological Processes for Biomass Valorization

“…Among several possible strategies for converting lignocellulosic biomass into fermentable sugars, the one that has been considered the most efficient and sustainable one is enzymatic hydrolysis. This process involves an intrinsic interaction of several enzymes, which can be obtained from different microorganisms [ 45 , 70 , 71 ]. This enzymatic system is composed of three types of main enzymes: cellulases, hemicellulases (hydrolytic enzymes that make cellulose and hemicellulose chains hydrolysis, respectively), and ligninases (oxidases and peroxidases which degrade lignin), besides some of the accessory enzymes [ 49 ].…”

“…Since microorganisms can exist in diverse habitats, the versatility of the lignocellulases they produce is also enormous [ 71 ]. Since the soil has immense microbial diversity, it is considered the most exploited environment for obtaining such enzymes [ 122 , 178 ].…”

Enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic residues and bromatological characterization for animal feed

“…Ruminants are able to take advantage of low-quality substrates due to the synthesis and secretion of cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic enzymes by microorganisms in their rumen (LEO et al, 2019). However, the conversion of lignocellulosic residues by livestock for the production of meat and milk is inefficient, indicating the need for new biotechnological approaches to animal feed in order to maximize the use of nutrients (GRAMINHA et al, 2008).…”