Microorganisms and cyanide.

Knowles, Christopher J.

doi:10.1128/mmbr.40.3.652-680.1976

Cited by 220 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…Cyanide is toxic to most living organisms owing to the high a¤nity of this chemical to the trivalent iron of the heme protein [3], which leads to the inhibition of activities of terminal oxidases. The bacterial electron transport chain is branched and contains multiple terminal oxidases [1]. At least four major terminal oxidases have been identi¢ed in bacteria, namely, cytochromes aa Q , o, d, and a I [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, many bacteria and plants are resistant to KCN inhibition. These organisms often exhibit various modulating pathways to detoxify KCN [1]. Additionally, especially for those aerobic organisms whose energy supply mainly relies on oxidative phosphorylation, the inability to transfer electrons to molecular oxygen would deplete the source of NAD for continual glycolysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many industries and a remarkable number of plants release large quantities of cyanide into the environment [1,2]. Cyanide (KCN) is an inhibitor that inactivates many metalloproteins [3], including hemoglobin and the terminal oxidases of the electron transport chain [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The respiratory responses to cyanide of a cyanide-resistant Klebsiella oxytoca bacterial strain

Chena

1999

FEMS Microbiology Letters

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The respiratory system of a cyanide-resistant Klebsiella oxytoca was analyzed by monitoring the changes in the cytochrome contents in response to various inhibitors in the presence of various concentrations of cyanide. The cells grown in the medium without cyanide (KCN) have two terminal oxidases, cytochrome d (K i = 10 3S M KCN) and o (K i = 10 3Q M KCN). When cells were grown on medium with 1 mM KCN, the expression of both b-type cytochrome and cytochrome d in the plasma membranes of the cell decreased by more than 50%, while cytochrome o increased by 70%, as compared with the cells grown in the absence of KCN. Two terminal oxidases with K i values of about 10 3Q M and 1.7U10 3P M KCN were observed in the plasma membrane fractions of the cells growing on KCN enriched medium. 2-n-Heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline-N-oxide markedly inhibited the oxidation of NADH by the plasma membranes from the cells grown in the medium without KCN, but not in those plasma membranes from KCN-grown cells. The NADH oxidases in plasma membranes of K. oxytoca grown with and without KCN were equally sensitive to UV irradiation. Adding freshly isolated quinone to the UV-damaged plasma membranes restored the NADH oxidase activity from both types of plasma membranes. From these results, we propose the presence of a non-heme type of terminal oxidase to account for the KCN resistance in K. oxytoca. z

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The respiratory responses to cyanide of a cyanide-resistant Klebsiella oxytoca bacterial strain

Chena

1999

FEMS Microbiology Letters

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“…The biological detoxification of cyanide contaminated waste-water is of significant interest both due to the dangerous effects of cyanide as well as the cost of chemical detoxification (Mosher and Figueroa 1996), bioremediation promises a safer and potentially less expensive process. Several enzymes capable of degrading cyanide have been found in bacteria, fungi and plants (Knowles 1976;Poulton 1990) that use diverse reaction mechanisms with varied requirements for cofactors or secondary substrates (Dash et al 2009;Gupta et al 2010). One of these, the cyanide dihydratase (CynD) hydrolyses cyanide into formate and ammonia (Meyers et al 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

C-terminal hybrid mutant of Bacillus pumilus cyanide dihydratase dramatically enhances thermal stability and pH tolerance by reinforcing oligomerization

et al. 2015

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“…In another, a direct pathway to ammonia and acrylic acid has been described [12]. Another mechanism involves conversion of AN to cyanide [13]. In this report, it is shown that the soil bacterium Bacillus subtilis commences autolysis when AN is added to the growth medium.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Acrylonitrile induces autolysis Bacillus subtilis

Reyes

2000

FEMS Microbiology Letters

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Acrylonitrile (AN) is an industrial chemical used in the manufacture of plastics and other polymers. AN has been reported to be an acute toxin and is a known carcinogen in rodents. When AN was mixed with suspensions of Bacillus subtilis, the bacteria began autolysis. It was determined that AN is partially converted to cyanide, a strong protonophore in B. subtilis. Autolytic enzymes in B. subtilis become active when the protonmotive force is dissipated. The amount of cyanide produced from AN, however, was not enough to promote autolysis in exponential B. subtilis. This is the first report showing that AN may induce autolytic reactions in bacteria. It is suggested the autolysis of B. subtilis may be useful in the environmental monitoring of AN. In addition, the metabolism of AN by bacilli may be useful in bioremediation. ß

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Microorganisms and cyanide.

Cited by 220 publications

References 92 publications

The respiratory responses to cyanide of a cyanide-resistant Klebsiella oxytoca bacterial strain

The respiratory responses to cyanide of a cyanide-resistant Klebsiella oxytoca bacterial strain

C-terminal hybrid mutant of Bacillus pumilus cyanide dihydratase dramatically enhances thermal stability and pH tolerance by reinforcing oligomerization

Acrylonitrile induces autolysis Bacillus subtilis

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