Microorganism@UiO-66-NH₂ Composites for the Detection of Multiple Colorectal Cancer-Related microRNAs with Flow Cytometry

Abstract

High-throughput analyses of multitarget markers can facilitate rapid and accurate clinical diagnosis. Suspension array assays, a flow cytometry-based analysis technology, are among some of the most promising multicomponent analysis methods for clinical diagnostics and research purposes. These assays are appropriate for examining low-volume, complex samples having trace amounts of analytes due to superior elimination of background. Physical shape is an important and promising code system, which uses a set of visually distinct patterns to identify different assay particles. Here, we presented a morphology recognizable suspension arrays based on the microorganisms with different morphologies. In this study, UiO-66-NH2 (UiO stands for University of Oslo) metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), was wrapped on the microorganism surface to form an innovative class of microorganism@UiO-66-NH2 composites for suspension array assays. The use of microorganisms endowed composites barcoding ability with their different morphology and size. Meanwhile, the UiO-66-NH2 provided a stable rigid shell, large specific surface area, and metal­(IV) ions with multiple binding sites, which could simplify the protein immobilization procedure and enhance detection sensitivity. With this method, simultaneous detection of three colorectal cancer-related microRNA (miRNA), including miRNA-21, miRNA-17, and miRNA-182, could be easily achieved with femtomolar sensitivity by using a commercial flow cytometer. The synergy between microorganisms and MOFs make the composites a prospective barcoding candidate with excellent characteristics for multicomponent analysis, offering great potential for the development of high throughput and accurate diagnostics.

Diverse Dyes-Embedded Staphylococcus aureus as Potential Biocarriers for Enhancing Sensitivity in Biosensing

“…15 Different from the traditional chemical synthesis (severe fabrication procedures, chemical instability, or complicated cross-linking with mAbs), 16,17 the biosynthesis of NMs by utilizing organisms is clean, harmless, ecofriendly, and sustainable, and the synthesized carriers feature various functional groups without any chemical modification. 18 Accordingly, the excellent characteristics endow great amenability to develop MO-loaded NMs for cell imaging, 19 drug delivery, 20 energy storage, 21 and flow cytometry 22 applications. However, the exploration of unique MO−NMs as carriers in ICA biosensing is still at an early stage.…”

5-FU@DHA-UIO-66-NH2 potentiates chemotherapy sensitivity of breast cancer cells through a microRNA let-7a-dependent mechanism

“…Of note, UIO-66-NH 2 has been highlighted for properties such as large specific surface area and metal ions with various binding sites (8). Microorganism@UIO-66-NH 2 has been reported to be a prospective barcoding candidate for the detection of colorectal cancer-related miRNAs due to the synergy between microorganisms and UIO-66-NH 2 (21) and Fe 3 O 4 @UIO-66-NH 2 has been employed to develop a drug delivery system possessing sustained drug release, ideal biocompatibility, and effective therapeutic effects (7). Following previous efforts, in this study we modified UIO-66-NH 2 with DHA to deliver 5-FU, and our data unraveled that 5-FU@DHA-UIO-66-NH 2 existed stably for 24 hours in the solution of pH from 4 to 7 and possessed good water stability.…”

Light-Regulated Natural Fluorescence of the PCC 6803@ZIF-8 Composite as an Encoded Microsphere for the Detection of Multiple Biomarkers

“…Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 was cultured by following our previously reported protocols . In brief, PCC 6803 was cultured in BG11 medium at 30 °C under constant illumination (2000 lux) and continuous shaking (150 rpm) in an illuminated shaker.…”

“…Analytical flow cytometry using encoded microspheres as carriers is very suitable for the quantitative detection of multiple analytes under high-throughput conditions; such analysis relies on rapid reaction kinetics and low-volume sample treatment. − Several different encoding strategies have been developed based on the properties of microspheres such as graphical, , optical, − electronic, and physical. − Optical encoding methods have been used broadly with the advantage of flexible encoding, good compatibility, high-decoding speed, and detection sensitivity. , Chemical synthesis of polystyrene, magnetic, and silica microspheres as carriers has been widely reported in literature. These microspheres were then encoded by using several kinds of fluorescent materials, including organic dyes, ,, upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), − and quantum dots (QDs) − by the following methods.…”

“…Hence, this problem might be effectively addressed by wrapping metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) on the microorganism surface. This strategy not only provides a stable rigid shell, a large specific surface area, and enhances the stability of microorganism-based microspheres but also simplifies the protein immobilization procedure and increases the detection sensitivity. , Some microorganism cells without a rigid shell have also been used as a new barcoding carrier with good features via the formation of microorganism@MOF composites . However, the limitations of traditional organic dyes and fluorescent nanoparticles for color barcoding the microorganism-based microspheres, as mentioned above, remain difficult to overcome.…”