Microorganism‐Assisted Biohydrogen Production and Bioreactors

Abstract

Microorganism-assisted biohydrogen (BioH 2 ) is an encouraging replacement of fossil-based fuels as feasible preference for various chemical and mechanical processes. BioH 2 is capable to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and solve environmental issues, therefore, numerous studies addressed optimization of operation design, microbial actions, certain addition of chemicals or nanoparticles, pretreatment of algal biomass, diminishing sensibility of enzymes towards O 2 , integration with different processes for biorefinery approach, reducing costs, bioelectrochemical cell membranes, and others. The present review focuses on model organisms employed for the microorganism-assisted biohydrogen production. Metabolic pathways such as biophotolysis, photofermentation, and dark fermentation were discussed for providing deep insight of microorganism-aided biohydrogen production.

Comprehensive Review on Methane Pyrolysis for Sustainable Hydrogen Production

“…1,2 Fossil fuels are used to produce electricity for living and fuel for transportation via conventional combustion technologies, which lead to high CO 2 emissions. 3 In adherence to the objectives outlined in the Paris Agreement, which seeks to limit the rise in global temperatures to a maximum of 1.5 °C, it is imperative to attain a 45% reduction in CO 2 gas emissions by 2030 and accomplish a state of net zero emissions by 2050. 4 Hydrogen has significant potential as a replacement for nonrenewable petroleum hydrocarbons, which contribute negatively to global warming.…”

“…Since the late 1800s, there has been an observed increase in the Earth’s surface temperature, mainly owing to elevated carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions and human activities. , Fossil fuels are used to produce electricity for living and fuel for transportation via conventional combustion technologies, which lead to high CO 2 emissions . In adherence to the objectives outlined in the Paris Agreement, which seeks to limit the rise in global temperatures to a maximum of 1.5 °C, it is imperative to attain a 45% reduction in CO 2 gas emissions by 2030 and accomplish a state of net zero emissions by 2050…”

“…Hydrogen has significant potential as a replacement for non-renewable petroleum hydrocarbons, which contribute negatively to global warming. Hydrogen has an energy density of approximately 120 MJ/kg, which is significantly higher than natural gas (54 MJ/kg), gasoline (46 MJ/kg), and diesel (45 MJ/kg) . However, conventional hydrogen production, such as SMR and gasification of coal, emit excessive amounts of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), in the ranges of 9–13 kg of CO 2 equiv/kg of H 2 and 20–23 kg of CO 2 equiv/kg of H 2 , respectively. , “Blue hydrogen” technology is an alternative solution for industrial plants.…”