Micronutrients for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Youths: A Placebo-Controlled Randomized Clinical Trial

Johnstone, Jeanette M.; Hatsu, Irene; Tost, Gabriella; Srikanth, Priya; Eiterman, Leanna; Bruton, Alisha; Ast, Hayleigh K.; Robinette, Lisa M.; Stern, Madeline; Millington, Elizabeth; Gracious, Barbara L.; Hughes, A.J.; Leung, Brenda; Arnold, L. Eugene

doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2021.07.005

Cited by 30 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…A 1-year follow up study of patients who had participated in the trial showed that 84% of those who had continued micronutrients treatment were identified as "Much" or "Very Much" improved overall relative to baseline functioning, compared to 50% of those who switched to psychiatric medications and 21% of those who discontinued treatment (19). In 2022, Johnstone et al in a placebo-controlled, randomized, fully blinded, 8-weeks trial evaluated the effect of nine to twelve tablets of a micronutrient formulation (Table 2) on child ADHD symptoms in a sample of seventyone, 6-12-years, non-treated patients compared to a sample of fifty-five, 6-12-years, nontreated patients who received placebo (20). No difference between groups have been found analyzing the socio-demographic and baseline clinical characteristics.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micronutrients in the Treatment of ADHD: Speculation or Opportunity?

Coppola¹,

Mondola²,

Bevione³

2022

Preprint

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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by core symptoms of impulsivity, locomotor hyperactivity, and inattention affecting around 5% of children and adolescents worldwide. Although this brain illness is wrongly considered a childhood disorder, increasing evidences suggest that it can persist into adulthood in about 65% of cases leading to significant clinical, socio-relational, and occupational disabilities. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments currently available permit to achieve numerous benefits, in particular, if started early in childhood, however, quality of life of patients affected by ADHD could be compromised in any case in terms of self-esteem, ability to finalize projects, and personal satisfaction. In this study we evaluated the impact of micronutrient formulations on ADHD symptoms in both children and adults analyzing results of randomized, placebo-controlled trials.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micronutrients in the Treatment of ADHD: Speculation or Opportunity?

Coppola¹,

Mondola²,

Bevione³

2022

Preprint

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“…This qualitative study was a substudy of the Micronutrients for ADHD in Youth (MADDY) study, a three‐site fully‐blinded, randomized controlled trial conducted at the University of Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada; Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon; and The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. Children aged 6 to 12 years were randomized to a multinutrient supplement (containing all known vitamins and essential minerals, with some antioxidants and amino acids) or a placebo for 8 weeks, followed by an 8‐week open‐label period (Johnstone et al, 2019, 2021). Parents whose children were enrolled in the MADDY study were invited to participate in the qualitative study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon; and The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. Children aged 6 to 12 years were randomized to a multinutrient supplement (containing all known vitamins and essential minerals, with some antioxidants and amino acids) or a placebo for 8 weeks, followed by an 8-week open-label period (Johnstone et al, 2019(Johnstone et al, , 2021. Parents whose children were enrolled in the MADDY study were invited to participate in the qualitative study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parents' priorities and preferences for treatment of children with ADHD: Qualitative inquiry in the MADDY study

Leung

Bruton

et al. 2022

Child

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Background: Parents' lived experiences of having a child with ADHD may shape their decision making regarding ADHD treatment options for their child. The aim of this study was to explore parents' experiences of living with a child with ADHD in the family and how their experiences influence their perspectives on treatment preferences and priorities.Methods: A phenomenological qualitative design was used. Semistructured interviews were conducted with parents of children with ADHD who were enrolled in a multisite randomized controlled trial. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, and transcripts at each site were double coded. Initial codes were derived directly from the text. Qualitative data were analysed with an inductive approach.Results: Twenty-three parents were interviewed: eight from Alberta, Canada; eight from Portland, Oregon, USA; and seven from Columbus, Ohio, USA. Among the parents, 69% were married, 86% completed college education and 52% reported household income over $80,000. Among the children, the mean age was 9.6 years (SD = 1.8 years), 78% were boys and 48% were never medicated for their ADHD.Two major themes emerged from the analysis. Theme 1 was 'impact of ADHD on families within and outside the home' with the following subthemes: 'reconfiguring the home life', 'trial-and-error of accommodations at school' and 'responding to social pressures to fit in'. Theme 2 was 'enabling appropriate and accessible treatments for families' with the following subthemes: 'finding the "right fit" with professionals and treatments' and 'factors influencing inequitable access to treatments'.Conclusions: Parents described shared experiences and identified similar barriers, preferences and priorities for ADHD treatments regardless of demographic differences by site. Families desired access to family-centred, multimodal approaches to ADHD treatment. Further research is needed to identify the specific structural changes to healthcare, services and policies that will better support this approach.

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“…This study is a cross-sectional secondary analysis of baseline data from children participating in the Micronutrients for ADHD in Youth (MADDY) study. The MADDY study is a multisite clinical trial comparing the efficacy of a broad-spectrum nutrient supplement to a placebo as a treatment for the symptoms of ADHD and co-occurring irritability [ 20 , 21 ]. Participants included in the study were aged 6–12 years and met the following Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM-5) criteria for ADHD: a clinical cut-off of six or more inattentive or hyperactive/impulsive symptoms endorsed via parent report on the ADHD subscales of the Child and Adolescent Symptom Inventory-5 (CASI-5) [ 22 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Household Food Insecurity Is Associated with Symptoms of Emotional Dysregulation in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: The MADDY Study

et al. 2022

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The association of household food insecurity with symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and emotional dysregulation in children was examined in this study. We utilized baseline data from 134 children aged 6–12 years who were enrolled in a clinical trial investigating multinutrient supplementation as a treatment for ADHD and emotional dysregulation. Household food security status was assessed using the 18-item US Household Food Security Survey Module. The symptoms of ADHD and emotional dysregulation disorders (oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD)) were assessed using the Child and Adolescent Symptom Inventory-5 and other comorbid emotional dysregulation symptoms were assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Multiple linear regression determined associations between household food security status and symptoms of ADHD, ODD and DMDD, emotional symptoms and conduct problems. Household food insecurity was associated with more severe emotional symptoms (β = 2.30; 95% CI = 0.87–3.73; p = 0.002), conduct problems (β = 1.15; 95% CI = 0.01–2.30; p = 0.049) and total difficulties scores (β = 4.59; 95% CI = 1.82–7.37; p = 0.001) after adjusting for covariates (child’s sex, parent marital status, household income, parental anxiety and other parental psychopathology). In unadjusted analyses, household food insecurity was also associated with increased ODD (β = 0.58; 95% CI = 0.21–0.95; p = 0.003) and DMDD symptoms (β = 0.69; 95% CI = 0.20–1.19; p = 0.006), but these associations attenuated to non-significance after adjusting for all covariates. Household food insecurity was associated with more severe emotional dysregulation symptoms. Discussing and addressing food insecurity may be appropriate initial steps for youths with ADHD and emotional dysregulation.

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Micronutrients for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Youths: A Placebo-Controlled Randomized Clinical Trial

Cited by 30 publications

References 49 publications

Micronutrients in the Treatment of ADHD: Speculation or Opportunity?

Micronutrients in the Treatment of ADHD: Speculation or Opportunity?

Parents' priorities and preferences for treatment of children with ADHD: Qualitative inquiry in the MADDY study

Household Food Insecurity Is Associated with Symptoms of Emotional Dysregulation in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: The MADDY Study

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