Micronutrients

The Function of Zinc in Animal, Plant, and Human Nutrition

“…The body only requires trace amounts of Zinc, nearly 100 enzymes rely on it to carry out essential chemical reactions (Frei, A., et al 2023), it plays a significant role in the production of DNA, cell development, protein synthesis, tissue repair, and maintenance of a strong immune system (Maret, W., & Sandstead, H. H. 2006). One of the key elements in the metabolism of carbohydrates is Zinc, which activates the majority of the enzymes needed for this process (Cakmak, I., et al 2023). Several vital plant enzymes are produced by the Zinc (Peng, Y., et al 2023), which is an essential component in numerous enzymes, it also starts a wide range of enzymatic processes (Nagajyoti, P. C., et al 2010).…”

Silicon Differently Affects Apoplastic Binding of Excess Boron in Wheat and Sunflower Leaves

“…Boron (B) is a micronutrient for vascular plants with many proposed roles such as sugar transport, the structure of cell walls and membranes, the metabolism of carbohydrates, phenol and RNA, germination, etc., but only its function in cell walls has been fully accepted [1]. Both the deficiency and toxicity of B can decrease crop production, though low-B soils conductive to B deficiency in crops are considerably more widespread than high-B soils [2,3].…”

“…Both the deficiency and toxicity of B can decrease crop production, though low-B soils conductive to B deficiency in crops are considerably more widespread than high-B soils [2,3]. Naturally high-B soils (e.g., soils formed from the parent material of marine origin) are most common in arid and semi-arid regions, and are often associated with an excess of Na + and Cl − ions [1,[4][5][6]. However, irrigation water high in B, the application of large amounts of municipal compost, B mining and processing, and geothermal activity can be sources of soil contamination with B [1,7].…”

“…Naturally high-B soils (e.g., soils formed from the parent material of marine origin) are most common in arid and semi-arid regions, and are often associated with an excess of Na + and Cl − ions [1,[4][5][6]. However, irrigation water high in B, the application of large amounts of municipal compost, B mining and processing, and geothermal activity can be sources of soil contamination with B [1,7]. Boron toxicity in plants is manifested by leaf chlorosis, beginning at the older leaf tips and margins, followed by necrosis [1].…”

“…However, irrigation water high in B, the application of large amounts of municipal compost, B mining and processing, and geothermal activity can be sources of soil contamination with B [1,7]. Boron toxicity in plants is manifested by leaf chlorosis, beginning at the older leaf tips and margins, followed by necrosis [1].…”