Micronutrient intakes in schoolchildren—is supplementation necessary?

Ruxton, C. H. S.; Kirk, Terry; Belton, N. R.; Holmes, Michael

doi:10.1111/j.1365-277x.1993.tb00381.x

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…In our sample these children were signi®cantly less likely to get a supplement compared to children whose parents were non-smokers, supplement use decreasing with increasing number of cigarettes smoked. We also found that supplement use decreased with increasing age, older children having been identi®ed as a group that could be at risk of low intakes of some micro-nutrients, possibly as they have greater control over their food choice and intake than younger children (Ruxton et al, 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…It has been suggested that the use of nutritional supplements tends to be indiscriminate and not based on nutrient requirements or matched to needs (Gascon-Barre Â et al, 1973). There is some evidence that for children there is no case for the widespread use of supplements (DoH, 1989;Ruxton et al, 1993) and encouraging a varied, balanced diet is regarded as preferable to a less adequate one plus supplements (CPG, 1991). Recent studies suggest that certain groups of children may be at particular risk of consuming a`poorer' quality diet, examples include older girls (Doyle et al, 1994), children from families of lower social class (Adamson et al, 1992) and lower income (Nelson et al, 1993;Doyle et al, 1994).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The use of nutritional supplements by 4–12 year olds in England and Scotland

et al. 1997

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Objective: To determine the levels of and factors associated with the use of nutritional supplements by children participating in the National Study of Health and Growth (NSHG). Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Fifty-six study areas in England and Scotland. Subjects: Fifteen thousand, two hundred and seventy ®ve children aged between 4 and 12 y. Interventions: Parental completion of a self-administered questionnaire on the child's health, social background and supplement use. Height, weight and skinfold measurements. Results: An 88% response rate to the supplement question, 15.9% of responders reported using a supplement. Multivitamins were the most commonly consumed supplement (84%) with 52% taking a supplement daily. Younger children, those whose mothers reached further education, whose fathers were in non-manual occupations or who lived in the Midlands or South were signi®cantly more likely to use a supplement, as were children from smaller families or whose parents were non-smokers. There was no signi®cant association between supplement use and sex, height, birthweight, length of gestation, father's education, number of parents in the home or vegetarianism. Signi®cant differences were found in the use of supplements between the ethnic origin groups. Children of Afro-Caribbean, Asian or other origin were more likely to take a supplement compared to white English and Scottish groups. There were differences in the type of supplements used with Afro-Caribbean and other origin children using more cod liver oil. Conclusion:We support the ®ndings of other studies which show that children with the least need for supplements as de®ned by socio-economic variables are more likely to receive them and suggest that cultural background is also an important factor in in¯uencing supplement use.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of nutritional supplements by 4–12 year olds in England and Scotland

et al. 1997

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“…However, a previous article [15] has suggested that the overall energy and micronutrient intakes of the seven to eight-year-old children in this study compared well with Dietary Reference Values, although non-starch polysaccharide and percentage energy from carbohydrate were too low and percentage energy from fat too high. Thus, the results suggest that nutritional guidelines addressing the energy, vitamin and mineral content of the school meal may be superfluous, although it is acknowledged that the data apply to a specific age group.…”

Section: The Futurecontrasting

confidence: 45%

“…Energy was also lower than the recommendations. However, the overall diets of the children demonstrated energy intakes at or near the Estimated Average Requirement and micro nutrient intakes mainly above the Reference Nutrient Intakes, suggesting that the overall 24 23 26 22 20 18 21 22 19 17 20 23 21 17 35 29 Packed 29 25 30 29 32 25 24 26 22 18 17 24 17 20 35 28 Home 25 26 26 23 24 25 24 22 20 19 15 22 19 17 15 29 NSP = non-starch polysaccharide; Eq = equivalent diets were sufficient [15]. Only iron and NSP intakes were slightly lower than desired and this was reflected in the nutrient profile of the school meals.…”

Section: The Presentmentioning

confidence: 99%

School Meals

Ruxton¹,

Kirk²,

Belton³

et al. 1993

British Food Journal

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If you would like to write for this, or any other Emerald publication, then please use our Emerald for Authors service information about how to choose which publication to write for and submission guidelines are available for all. Please visit www.emeraldinsight.com/authors for more information. About Emerald www.emeraldinsight.comEmerald is a global publisher linking research and practice to the benefit of society. The company manages a portfolio of more than 290 journals and over 2,350 books and book series volumes, as well as providing an extensive range of online products and additional customer resources and services.Emerald is both COUNTER 4 and TRANSFER compliant. The organization is a partner of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and also works with Portico and the LOCKSS initiative for digital archive preservation.

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Abstracts of Communications

1994

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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Life-long strict compliance with a gluten-free diet is considered essential in the management of coeliac disease (Holmes er o f . 1989). For those diagnosed at an early age, education will have been directed at parents and carers. As children with coeliac disease. grow up and develop increasing responsibility for their dietary intake and food choices, education appropriate for age and development is important to ensure compliance.A group of patients with coeliac disease (n 125) was identified, who had been diagnosed 5 to 15 years previously, from biopsy reports (n 40) and hospital records (n 85) from Our Lady's Hospital for Sick Children, Cmmlin. Assessment of their current medical follow-up, compliance and understanding of the gluten-free diet was carried out by means of a postal questionnaire. This resulted in sixty-nine analysable responses. The responses represented patients with the age range 5.1-22.8 years (mean 13.69, SD 4.63). Mean age at diagnosis was 2.95 (SD 2.84) years of these patients. 66%(44) claimed smct maintenance of their diet, 21% (14) reported nqplarly breaking the diet and 13%(9) responded that they kept poorly to the diet. The most common reasons cited for non-compliance of the diet included difficulty in maintaining the diet, especially during social occasions. 16%( 10) with gluten-containing confectionery and cakes being consumed, 10%(6) found the diet too expensive. Other reasons given included ingestion of communion hosts, alcohol, social occasions and boredom with the diet.When asked to choose gluten-containing foods from a list of eight everyday foods, 11%(7) correctly chose the three gluten-containing foods; 42%(26) chose two correctly, but 36%(23) could not identify any of the gluten-containing foods correctly.Of those responding to the question, 61%(33) have attended a follow-up clinic in the last 3 years; 13%(7) have not attended follow-up. Despite medical follow-up, 47%(29) have only seen a dietitian once and 13%(8) have never seen a dietitian before. As coeliac disease is treated with diet, one would expect the dietitian to play a major role in treatment, but this is apparently not the case in practise. These figures are of concern as dietary compliance is considered necessary to avoid long-term complications such as intestinal carcinoma (Holmes er al. 1989).Various factors were taken into account when interpreting the results of this study and were shown not to confound the results in any way. These factors included: membership of the Coeliac Society of Ireland, whether a parent or child responded and the attitude of the subject to coeliac disease in general.A more comprehensive assessment of the understanding of coeliac disease and compliance with glutenfree diet is necessary in order to develop appropriate and effective education strategies for these patients, who require follow-up education as they grow up. Coeliac disease results from intolerance to dietary gluten, a state which is thought to be permanent. Treatment of the condition requires the dietary exclusion of glute...

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Micronutrient intakes in schoolchildren—is supplementation necessary?

Cited by 3 publications

References 3 publications

The use of nutritional supplements by 4–12 year olds in England and Scotland

The use of nutritional supplements by 4–12 year olds in England and Scotland

School Meals

Abstracts of Communications

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