Micronutrient Deficits Are Still Public Health Issues among Women and Young Children in Vietnam

Laillou, Arnaud; Pham, Thuy Van; Tran, Nga; Le, Hop; Wieringa, Frank T.; Rohner, Fabian; Fortin, Sonia; Le, Mai Bach; Tran, Do Thanh; Moench-Pfanner, Regina; Berger, Jacques

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0034906

Cited by 85 publications

(140 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(42 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

124

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The low IDA prevalence of 6% therefore is unexpected. A recent study conducted in Vietnamese children and nonpregnant women revealed results similar to those of this study, with markedly reduced prevalences of anemia, ID, and IDA [20]. Similar findings were also obtained in many studies conducted in Thailand in that the prevalence of IDA was not high [29,30,31,32].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Burden of Anemia in Relation to Thalassemia and Iron Deficiency among Vietnamese Pregnant Women

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background and Aims: Information about the extent to which anemia is related to thalassemia and iron deficiency (ID) is not available in Vietnam. This study investigated the burden of anemia in relation to thalassemia and ID among Vietnamese pregnant women. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Thua Thien Hue, Central Vietnam. Blood samples taken from 399 pregnant women with a gestational age <12 weeks were analyzed. Anemia was defined as Hb levels <11 g/dl, and ID as ferritin values <15 ng/ml. Results: Out of 399 participants, 77 (19.3%) were anemic. While the prevalence of ID was 20.1%, the prevalence of ID anemia was 6.0%. The overall prevalence of thalassemia was 7.3%. Of the 77 anemic women, 24 (31.2%) had ID, and 20 (26.0%) had thalassemia genes. The rest (42.9%) were anemic due to unknown causes. Conclusions: The results indicate that ID remains a significant health burden among the study population, together with anemia caused by unknown factors. Thalassemias appear not to contribute to a great extent to anemia among Vietnamese pregnant women. Other causes need to be investigated further in order to develop an effective control program for anemia within the population.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…A recent study among Vietnamese women of reproductive age and young children showed a prevalence of 9.1-11.6% for anemia, 12.9-13.7% for ID, and 3.2-5.4% for IDA [20]. Among pregnant women in Thua Thien Hue, the prevalence of anemia, ID, and IDA is limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Burden of Anemia in Relation to Thalassemia and Iron Deficiency among Vietnamese Pregnant Women

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Traditional Vietnamese diets are dominated by starchy staples (mainly rice), are lower in fat and despite increases in protein intake over past two decades only about a third of protein comes from animals sources foods (which have higher bioavailability for several micronutrients) [44]. Prior research in Vietnam has also implicated a low prevalence of anemia (12%) and iron deficiency (14%) despite a high prevalence of other micronutrient deficiencies of public health concern (zinc deficiency (67%) and vitamin B12 deficiency (11.7%) [45]. Likewise, recent studies from Cambodia [46], Malawi [47] and Bangladesh [48,49] have reported a low prevalence of iron deficiency among women.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Preconception Micronutrient Supplementation on Anemia and Iron Status during Pregnancy and Postpartum: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Rural Vietnam

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ObjectivePreconception micronutrient interventions may be a promising approach to reduce anemia and iron deficiency during pregnancy, but currently we have limited data to inform policies. We evaluated whether providing additional pre-pregnancy weekly iron-folic acid (IFA) or multiple micronutrient (MM) supplements compared to only folic acid (FA) improves iron status and anemia during pregnancy and early postpartum.MethodsWe conducted a double blind randomized controlled trial in which 5011 Vietnamese women were provided with weekly supplements containing either only 2800 μg FA (control group), IFA (60 mg Fe and 2800 μg FA) or MM (15 micronutrients with similar amounts of IFA). All women who became pregnant (n = 1813) in each of the 3 groups received daily IFA (60 mg Fe and 400 μg FA) through delivery. Hematological indicators were assessed at baseline (pre-pregnancy), during pregnancy, 3 months post-partum, and in cord blood. Adjusted generalized linear models were applied to examine the impact of preconception supplementation on anemia and iron stores, using both intention to treat and per protocol analyses (women consumed supplements ≥ 26 weeks before conception).ResultsAt baseline, 20% of women were anemic, but only 14% had low iron stores (ferritin <30 μg/L) and 3% had iron deficiency (ferritin <12 μg/L). The groups were balanced for baseline characteristics. Anemia prevalence increased during pregnancy and post-partum but was similar among intervention groups. In intention to treat analyses, prenatal ferritin was significantly higher among women receiving MM (geometric mean (μg/L) [95% CI]: 93.6 [89.3–98.2]) and IFA (91.9 [87.6–96.3]) compared to control (85.3 [81.5–89.2]). In per protocol analyses, women receiving MM or IFA had higher ferritin 3 months postpartum (MM 118.2 [109.3–127.8]), IFA 117.8 [108.7–127.7] vs control 101.5 [94.0–109.7]) and gave birth to infants with greater iron stores (MM 184.3 [176.1–192.9]), IFA 189.9 [181.6–198.3] vs control 175.1 [167.9–182.6]).ConclusionPreconception supplementation with MM or IFA resulted in modest increases in maternal and infant iron stores but did not impact anemia. Further research is needed to characterize the etiology of anemia in this population and identify effective interventions for reducing prenatal anemia.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.Gov NCT01665378

show abstract

“…We included nationally representative surveys of PSC (6–59 months of age as the primary target age range, with some flexibility to include surveys with slightly older children; 10–75 months [14]) and WRA (15–49 years) in the analyses. Studies and surveys representative only of either urban or rural populations were also included to obtain separate estimates for urban and rural settings.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Proportion of Anemia Associated with Iron Deficiency in Low, Medium, and High Human Development Index Countries: A Systematic Analysis of National Surveys

Petry¹,

et al. 2016

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Iron deficiency is commonly assumed to cause half of all cases of anemias, with hereditary blood disorders and infections such as hookworm and malaria being the other major causes. In countries ranked as low, medium, and high by the Human Development Index, we conducted a systematic review of nationally representative surveys that reported the prevalence of iron deficiency, iron deficiency anemia, and anemia among pre-school children and non-pregnant women of reproductive age. Using random effects meta-analyses techniques, data from 23 countries for pre-school children and non-pregnant women of reproductive age was pooled, and the proportion of anemia attributable to iron deficiency was estimated by region, inflammation exposure, anemia prevalence, and urban/rural setting. For pre-school children and non-pregnant women of reproductive age, the proportion of anemia associated with iron deficiency was 25.0% (95% CI: 18.0, 32.0) and 37.0% (95% CI: 28.0, 46.0), respectively. The proportion of anemia associated with iron deficiency was lower in countries where anemia prevalence was >40%, especially in rural populations (14% for pre-school children; 16% for non-pregnant women of reproductive age), and in countries with very high inflammation exposure (20% for pre-school children; 25% for non-pregnant women of reproductive age). Despite large heterogeneity, our analyses suggest that the proportion of anemia associated with iron deficiency is lower than the previously assumed 50% in countries with low, medium, or high Human Development Index ranking. Anemia-reduction strategies and programs should be based on an analysis of country-specific data, as iron deficiency may not always be the key determinant of anemia.

show abstract

Micronutrient Deficits Are Still Public Health Issues among Women and Young Children in Vietnam

Cited by 85 publications

References 33 publications

Burden of Anemia in Relation to Thalassemia and Iron Deficiency among Vietnamese Pregnant Women

Burden of Anemia in Relation to Thalassemia and Iron Deficiency among Vietnamese Pregnant Women

Impact of Preconception Micronutrient Supplementation on Anemia and Iron Status during Pregnancy and Postpartum: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Rural Vietnam

The Proportion of Anemia Associated with Iron Deficiency in Low, Medium, and High Human Development Index Countries: A Systematic Analysis of National Surveys

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About