Micronutrient deficiencies after bariatric surgery

Living with Hemoglobin of 3.7 After Bariatric Surgery! Follow-up is Key to Preventing Adverse Outcomes

“…Occult nutritional deficiencies develop depending on dietary habits and additional predispositions [7][8]. By altering the anatomical structure and physiology of the digestive system, bariatric surgery predisposes to consumption of smaller portions of food, along with reduced surface area for nutrient absorption, altered gastrointestinal motility, and possible bacterial overgrowth (especially in diabetics), setting up the background for malabsorption [7][8][14][15][16][17].…”

“…The main causes of nutritional anemia following bariatric surgery include deficiency of iron, folic acid, and vitamin B12, individually or in combination, with folate deficiency the least likely basis; additional factors unrelated to surgery can coexist and may be responsible, such as use of proton pump inhibitors or the presence of alcoholism [15,17,[19][20][21][22].…”

“…Obesity is associated with vitamin D deficiency due to decreased sun exposure, insufficient intake, and reduced bioavailability of vitamin D, which is sequestrated in fat [15][16][17][32][33]. Further, after certain types of bariatric surgery, ingested vitamin D does not pass through the duodenum for absorption, resulting in calcium deficiency.…”

“…The ASMBS estimates that 220,000 people in the United States had bariatric surgery in 2008. Bypass surgery has shown much promise and benefits, including the amelioration of diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and additional disorders besides weight loss; however, one must not fail to recognize the complications and undesired consequences following surgical management of obesity [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18].…”

Deficiências de micronutrientes no pré-operatório de cirurgia bariátrica

“…However, many patients do not respond to these therapeutic approaches, requiring more effective intervention. In this context, bariatric surgery is accepted today as the most effective tool in the treatment and control of morbid obesity 24 . Among the main benefits of this intervention, loss and weight maintenance in the long term and improvement or control of associated diseases stand out, with consequent improvement in the quality of life 4 .…”