Micronutrient Absorption and Related Outcomes in People with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Review

Kilby, Kyle; Mathias, Holly; Boisvenue, Lindsay; Heisler, Courtney; Jones, Jennifer

doi:10.3390/nu11061388

Cited by 50 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 150 publications

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“…Additionally, other factors, which were not considered in the current study, could have had an impact on the absorption of vitamin D from the digestive tract into the bloodstream. The microbiota composition or inflammation of the intestines could individually decrease cholecalciferol absorption [36,37]. Our data confirm previous results, where oral vitamin D supplementation has been suggested as an alternative to obtain adequate levels of 25(OH)D 3 all year round, but especially during the winter season [2,7,20].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Influence of Sunlight and Oral D3 Supplementation on Serum 25(OH)D Concentration and Exercise Performance in Elite Soccer Players

et al. 2020

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of natural sun exposure and six weeks of a high dose of vitamin D supplementation on vitamin D, testosterone and cortisol serum concentrations as well as speed, power and VO2max in professional soccer players. Materials: The study was conducted from January to September. At the beginning of the study, 33 professional soccer players were enrolled; however, only 28 subjects (height 181.5 cm; body mass 77.81 ± 8.8 kg; body fat 12.38% ± 2.4% and muscle mass 40.27 ± 5.3 kg) completed the study. The research consisted of three stages. The first one, lasting 10 days, was conducted in January during a training camp in the south part of Cyprus at a latitude of 34 33°, where participants experienced natural sun exposure; it was called a winter sun exposure (WSE) period. The second stage, which was a supplementation period (SP), lasted 6 weeks, during which all subjects were randomly assigned either to an experimental group—EG (n = 15)—or a placebo group—PG (n = 13)—and were administered 6000 IU/d cholecalciferol or a placebo, respectively. The third stage took place in September, after summertime (summer sun exposure—SSE). The data of the 25(OH)D, free and total testosterone (fT, tT), cortisol as well as 5 and 30 m sprint tests (STs), power of the left leg (PLL) and VO2max were evaluated before and after the WSE period, the SP and SSE. Results: In January, the baseline value of vitamin D in 12 subjects was ≤20 ng/mL, and 14 of them had levels between 20–30 ng/mL and 2 individuals >30 ng/mL. After the WSE period, significant changes in 25(OH)D, fT, tT and cortisol concentration, as well as in the 5 m ST, were observed. After the SP, in the EG, significant changes were found in 25(OH)D, fT, tT and the 5 m ST. Furthermore, a positive correlation between the concentration of 25(OH) fT and tT was observed. After SSE, 2 out of 28 players had <20 ng/mL 25(OH)D, 12 of them had 25(OH)D between 20 and 30 ng/mL and 14 of them had 25(OH)D between 30 and 50 ng/mL. Significant differences in 25(OH)D, fT, tT concentration and the 5 m ST performance were observed following SSE compared with the WSE period. Conclusion: Due to the serum level of 25(OH)D demonstrated by most participants at the beginning of the study and after summertime, all-year-round supplementation with high doses of vitamin D seems to be a reasonable solution to enhance high 25(OH)D concentration in blood and physical performance. In the middle of the winter, almost half of the soccer players were serum deficient of 25(OH)D. After ten days of sun exposure and 6 weeks of vitamin D supplementation, the concentration of 25(OH)D significantly increased, as did testosterone and results in the 5 m sprint test also improved. Therefore, athletes should be constantly monitored for serum levels of 25(OH)D throughout the year and should be supplemented if deficiencies or insufficient amounts of this vitamin occur.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Influence of Sunlight and Oral D3 Supplementation on Serum 25(OH)D Concentration and Exercise Performance in Elite Soccer Players

et al. 2020

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“…Oral administration of B12, [ 224 ] B9‐producing probiotics, [ 225 ] Fe, [ 226,227 ] Mn, [ 228 ] and Se [ 229 ] resulted in increased fecal levels in healthy individuals indicating a suitable approach for delivering micronutrients to the gut microbiota but it should be evaluated in IBD as micronutrient absorption and metabolism is likely impaired. [ 230 ]…”

Section: Future Directives To Consider Dietary Micronutrients To Rebamentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Dietary Micronutrients on Gut Microbial Dysbiosis and Modulation in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Kundra¹,

Rachmühl²,

Lacroix³

et al. 2021

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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In patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), dietary micronutrient intake is low and deficiencies are common. Besides the host, also the gut microbiota require micronutrients and low levels may disturb its functioning. Multi‐omics studies indeed detected shifts in micronutrient‐dependent microbial pathways in IBD. It is however not clear whether micronutrients may alleviate inflammation directly, by modulating the immune system, or also indirectly, by modulating the structure and function of the gut microbiota. The latter seems of particular interest, since the gut microbiota is one of the future therapeutic targets in IBD. A review of the most recent available literature on relevant micronutrients in context of IBD and gut microbiota was conducted. An overview per relevant micronutrient on its role on gut bacterial growth, metabolism and host–microbe interactions during gut inflammation is provided. Dietary micronutrients have potential to be part of future personalized microbiome‐targeted therapies in IBD, considering both the micronutrient status of the host and the gut microbiota. However, cohort studies together with integrated multi‐scale studies are needed to understand the mechanisms of micronutrient–microbiome–host interactions in IBD and to evaluate efficacy and safety of dietary micronutrient treatment strategies.

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“…50 Caution is advised due to the adverse effects of selenium in high status and it is suggested those who are selenium sufficient should not supplement due to potential adverse effects. 46 48 HIgH-rIsk groups Certain individuals are at greater risk of micronutrient deficiency; this includes women of childbearing age (particularly pregnant and lactating women), younger children, adolescents (particularly females), older adults, 51 obese individuals, the critically ill, individuals with inflammatory bowel disease 52 and those with other chronic inflammatory and malabsorptive conditions. 53 This risk, in the case of vitamin D especially, extends to those living at higher latitudes, as well as immigrant and black and minority ethnic (BAME) populations.…”

Section: Zincmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary micronutrients in the wake of COVID-19: an appraisal of evidence with a focus on high-risk groups and preventative healthcare

McAuliffe¹,

Ray

Fallon³

et al. 2020

BMJNPH

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Existing micronutrient deficiencies, even if only a single micronutrient, can impair immune function and increase susceptibility to infectious disease. Certain population groups are more likely to have micronutrient deficiencies, while certain disease pathologies and treatment practices also exacerbate risk, meaning these groups tend to suffer increased morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases. Optimisation of overall nutritional status, including micronutrients, can be effective in reducing incidence of infectious disease. Micronutrient deficiencies are rarely recognised but are prevalent in the UK, as well as much more widely, particularly in high-risk groups susceptible to COVID-19. Practitioners should be aware of this fact and should make it a consideration for the screening process in COVID-19, or when screening may be difficult or impractical, to ensure blanket treatment as per the best practice guidelines. Correction of established micronutrient deficiencies, or in some cases assumed suboptimal status, has the potential to help support immune function and mitigate risk of infection. The effects of and immune response to COVID-19 share common characteristics with more well-characterised severe acute respiratory infections. Correction of micronutrient deficiencies has proven effective in several infectious diseases and has been shown to promote favourable clinical outcomes. Micronutrients appear to play key roles in mediating the inflammatory response and such effects may be enhanced through correction of deficiencies. Many of those at highest risk during the COVID-19 pandemic are also populations at highest risk of micronutrient deficiencies and poorer overall nutrition. Correction of micronutrient deficiencies in established COVID-19 infection may contribute to supporting immune response to infection in those at highest risk. There is a need for further research to establish optimal public health practice and clinical intervention regimens.

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Micronutrient Absorption and Related Outcomes in People with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Review

Cited by 50 publications

References 150 publications

Influence of Sunlight and Oral D3 Supplementation on Serum 25(OH)D Concentration and Exercise Performance in Elite Soccer Players

Influence of Sunlight and Oral D3 Supplementation on Serum 25(OH)D Concentration and Exercise Performance in Elite Soccer Players

Role of Dietary Micronutrients on Gut Microbial Dysbiosis and Modulation in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Dietary micronutrients in the wake of COVID-19: an appraisal of evidence with a focus on high-risk groups and preventative healthcare

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