Microneedle Penetrating Array with Axon-Sized Dimensions for Cuff-less Peripheral Nerve Interfacing

Yan, Dongxiao; Jiman, Ahmad A.; Ratze, David C.; Huang, Shuo; Parizi, Saman Salemizadeh; Welle, Elissa J.; Ouyang, Zhonghua; Patel, Paras R.; Kushner, Mark J.; Chestek, Cynthia A.; Bruns, Tim M.; Yoon, Euisik; Seymour, John P.

doi:10.1109/ner.2019.8717097

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…This estimation is based on the approximate axon density in the rat vagus nerve, which has around 11,000 axons 27,28 contained within a diameter of about 300 µm. Further work on reducing the exposed recording site area may assist in monitoring more localized axon activity with a lower background noise level 41,43,46 . Moreover, current spike-sorting algorithms are mostly designed for central nervous system recordings 47 , which assume the waveforms are from neuron cell bodies that generate higher amplitude waveforms and have more diverse shapes than unmyelinated axons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-channel intraneural vagus nerve recordings with a novel high-density carbon fiber microelectrode array

Jiman

Ratze

Welle

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Autonomic nerves convey essential neural signals that regulate vital body functions. Recording clearly distinctive physiological neural signals from autonomic nerves will help develop new treatments for restoring regulatory functions. However, this is very challenging due to the small nature of autonomic nerves and the low-amplitude signals from their small axons. We developed a multi-channel, high-density, intraneural carbon fiber microelectrode array (CFMA) with ultra-small electrodes (8–9 µm in diameter, 150–250 µm in length) for recording physiological action potentials from small autonomic nerves. In this study, we inserted CFMA with up to 16 recording carbon fibers in the cervical vagus nerve of 22 isoflurane-anesthetized rats. We recorded action potentials with peak-to-peak amplitudes of 15.1–91.7 µV and signal-to-noise ratios of 2.0–8.3 on multiple carbon fibers per experiment, determined conduction velocities of some vagal signals in the afferent (0.7–4.4 m/s) and efferent (0.7–8.8 m/s) directions, and monitored firing rate changes in breathing and blood glucose modulated conditions. Overall, these experiments demonstrated that CFMA is a novel interface for in-vivo intraneural action potential recordings. This work is considerable progress towards the comprehensive understanding of physiological neural signaling in vital regulatory functions controlled by autonomic nerves.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-channel intraneural vagus nerve recordings with a novel high-density carbon fiber microelectrode array

Jiman

Ratze

Welle

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…For example, cuff electrodes non-invasively wrap around the nerve trunk outside the epineurium, providing long-term biocompatibility at the expense of lowresolution recordings of compound action potentials (CAPs) from a population of axons [14,15]. Penetrating electrode arrays of various geometry were developed to be placed inside the epineurium, including LIFE (Longitudinal intra-fascicular electrode) [16,17], TIME (Transverse intrafascicular multichannel electrode) [18,19], USEA (Utah slant electrode array) [20], and flexible needle-structure electrodes [21][22][23]. Closer to nerve fascicles than the cuff electrodes, penetrating electrodes provide an enhanced signal-to-noise ratio and the opportunity to monitor single-unit action potentials [17,20,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular single-unit recordings from peripheral nerve axons in vitro by a novel multichannel microelectrode array

Guo

Chen

Tran

et al. 2020

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical

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The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is an attractive target for modulation of afferent input (e.g., nociceptive input signaling tissue damage) to the central nervous system. To advance mechanistic understanding of PNS neural encoding and modulation requires single-unit recordings from individual peripheral neurons or axons. This is challenged by multiple connective tissue layers surrounding peripheral nerve fibers that prevent electrical recordings by existing electrodes or electrode arrays. In this study, we developed a novel microelectrode array (MEA) via silicon-based microfabrication that consists of 5 parallel hydrophilic gold electrodes surrounded by silanized hydrophobic surfaces. This novel hydrophilic/hydrophobic surface pattern guides the peripheral nerve filaments to self-align towards the hydrophilic electrodes, which dramatically reduces the technical challenges in conducting single-unit recordings. We validated our MEA by recording simultaneous single-unit action potentials from individual axons in mouse sciatic nerves, including both myelinated A-fibers and unmyelinated C-fibers. We confirmed that our recordings were single units from individual axons by increasing nerve trunk electrical stimulus intensity, which did not alter the spike shape or amplitude. By reducing the technical challenges, our novel MEA will likely allow peripheral single-unit recordings to be adopted by a larger research community and thus expedite our mechanistic understanding of peripheral neural encoding and modulation.

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“…While whole arrays can be sharpened at oncean improvement from the previous individual lasering technique [35] the amount of exposed carbon can not yet be pre-determined. A chronic attachment method is still needed, such as suturing or Rose Bengal photochemical tissue bonding [62]. Future studies will need to investigate the chronic histological response of carbon fibers in peripheral structures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sharpened and Mechanically Durable Carbon Fiber Electrode Arrays for Neural Recording

Welle

Woods

Jiman

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehabil. Eng.

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Bioelectric medicine treatments target disorders of the nervous system unresponsive to pharmacological methods. While current stimulation paradigms effectively treat many disorders, the underlying mechanisms are relatively unknown, and current neuroscience recording electrodes are often limited in their specificity to gross averages across many neurons or axons. Here, we develop a novel, durable carbon fiber electrode array adaptable to many neural structures for precise neural recording. Carbon fibers (6.8 µm diameter) were sharpened using a reproducible blowtorch method that uses the reflection of fibers against the surface of a water bath. The arrays were developed by partially embedding carbon fibers in medical-grade silicone to improve durability. We recorded acute spontaneous electrophysiology from the rat cervical vagus nerve (CVN), feline dorsal root ganglia (DRG), and rat brain. Blowtorching resulted in fibers of 72.3 ± 33.5-degree tip angle with 146.8 ± 17.7 µm exposed carbon. Observable neural clusters were recorded using sharpened carbon fiber electrodes from rat CVN (41.8 µVpp), feline DRG (101.1 µVpp), and rat brain (80.7 µVpp). Recordings from the feline DRG included physiologically relevant signals from increased bladder pressure and cutaneous brushing. These results suggest that this carbon fiber array is a uniquely durable and adaptable neural recording device. In the future, this device may be useful as a bioelectric medicine tool for diagnosis and closedloop neural control of therapeutic treatments and monitoring systems.

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Microneedle Penetrating Array with Axon-Sized Dimensions for Cuff-less Peripheral Nerve Interfacing

Cited by 7 publications

References 10 publications

Multi-channel intraneural vagus nerve recordings with a novel high-density carbon fiber microelectrode array

Multi-channel intraneural vagus nerve recordings with a novel high-density carbon fiber microelectrode array

Extracellular single-unit recordings from peripheral nerve axons in vitro by a novel multichannel microelectrode array

Sharpened and Mechanically Durable Carbon Fiber Electrode Arrays for Neural Recording

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