Micron scale directional coupler as a transducer for biochemical sensing

Uchiyamada, Ken; Okubo, Kyohei; Yokokawa, Miwa; Carlen, Edwin T.; Asakawa, Kiyoshi; Suzuki, Hiroaki

doi:10.1364/oe.23.017156

Cited by 24 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Additional advantages by using polymers are the fabrication flexibility and the low power consumption [17,18]. These polymeric photonic sensors can be at the core of the innovative technology platform called photonic lab-on-a-chip (PhLOC) [7,19,20,21,22], aimed towards solving existing limitations in achieving low cost mass production devices for point-of-care diagnosis [23,24,25]. Even though the aim of the PhLOC is to integrate all the required elements—photonic and non-photonic—in a stand-alone system, there has been no demonstration that this configuration can achieve the claimed high sensitivity in a label-free evaluation [7,26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trimodal Waveguide Demonstration and Its Implementation as a High Order Mode Interferometer for Sensing Application

Ramirez

Gabrielli

Lechuga

et al. 2019

Sensors

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This work implements and demonstrates an interferometric transducer based on a trimodal optical waveguide concept. The readout signal is generated from the interference between the fundamental and second-order modes propagating on a straight polymer waveguide. Intuitively, the higher the mode order, the larger the fraction of power (evanescent field) propagating outside the waveguide core, hence the higher the sensitivity that can be achieved when interfering against the strongly confined fundamental mode. The device is fabricated using the polymer SU-8 over a SiO2 substrate and shows a free spectral range of 20.2 nm and signal visibility of 5.7 dB, reaching a sensitivity to temperature variations of 0.0586 dB/ ∘ C. The results indicate that the proposed interferometer is a promising candidate for highly sensitive, compact and low-cost photonic transducer for implementation in different types of sensing applications, among these, point-of-care.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trimodal Waveguide Demonstration and Its Implementation as a High Order Mode Interferometer for Sensing Application

Ramirez

Gabrielli

Lechuga

et al. 2019

Sensors

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“…Compared to out-of-plane configuration, in-plane configuration offers advantages such as on-chip integrability with light sources and detectors that can lead to better scalability, and larger optical path-to-cell volume ratio which will guarantee more compact sensors while maintaining high sensitivity [ 31 , 32 , 33 ]. Besides many demonstrations of different types of sensors relying on in-plane configuration, such as spiral waveguide sensors [ 34 , 35 , 36 ], ring/disk resonator sensors [ 37 , 38 ], slot waveguide sensors [ 39 , 40 , 41 ], and plasmonics based sensors [ 42 , 43 ], directional coupler (DC) as a key component for light routing and power splitting has also been explored as a nanophotonics sensor [ 44 , 45 ]. However, on the one hand, the operation bandwidth of these DC sensors is limited due to dispersion; on the other hand, a large footprint is required for the sensors to interact with the analyte in order to produce significant phase difference.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wavelength-Flattened Directional Coupler Based Mid-Infrared Chemical Sensor Using Bragg Wavelength in Subwavelength Grating Structure

Dong

Luo

et al. 2018

Nanomaterials

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In this paper, we report a compact wavelength-flattened directional coupler (WFDC) based chemical sensor featuring an incorporated subwavelength grating (SWG) structure for the mid-infrared (MIR). By incorporating a SWG structure into directional coupler (DC), the dispersion in DC can be engineered to allow broadband operation which is advantageous to extract spectroscopic information for MIR sensing analysis. Meanwhile, the Bragg reflection introduced by the SWG structure produces a sharp trough at the Bragg wavelength. This sharp trough is sensitive to the surrounding refractive index (RI) change caused by the existence of analytes. Therefore, high sensitivity can be achieved in a small footprint. Around fivefold enhancement in the operation bandwidth compared to conventional DC is achieved for 100% coupling efficiency in a 40 µm long WFDC experimentally. Detection of dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) in ethanol (C2H5OH) is investigated in a SWG-based WFDC sensor 136.8 µm long. Sensing performance is studied by 3D finite-difference time domain (FDTD) simulation while sensitivity is derived by computation. Both RI sensing and absorption sensing are examined. RI sensing reveals a sensitivity of −0.47% self-normalized transmitted power change per percentage of CH2Cl2 concentration while 0.12% change in the normalized total integrated output power is realized in the absorption sensing. As the first demonstration of the DC based sensor in the MIR, our device has the potential for tertiary mixture sensing by utilizing both changes in the real and imaginary part of RI. It can also be used as a broadband building block for MIR application such as spectroscopic sensing system.

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“…The refractive index change could be determined by measuring wavelength shift. Up to now, more and more optical fiber/waveguide devices have been utilized for detecting biochemical samples [6][7][8][9][10][11]. Among these devices, the structure comprising optical directional couplers is very attractive because it is easy to fabricate compact, well-performing and low-cost sensor to detect biochemical substances.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Design of Photonic Digital Sensors for Distinguishing Uniformly-Distributed Refractive Indices of Fluids

Lee

2018

J. Microw. Optoelectron. Electromagn. Appl.

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The authors propose a novel structure of k-level (k is an arbitrary integer) photonic digital sensor based on directional couplers with specific structural parameters. Its function is similar to an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) in electronic system, and capable of distinguishing 2 k+1-1 discrete and uniformly-distributed refractive indices of the fluidic samples. In this paper, the principle of designing the photonic digital sensor is described, and the beam propagation method (BPM) simulation results are presented for demonstrating the validity of our design.

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Micron scale directional coupler as a transducer for biochemical sensing

Cited by 24 publications

References 17 publications

Trimodal Waveguide Demonstration and Its Implementation as a High Order Mode Interferometer for Sensing Application

Trimodal Waveguide Demonstration and Its Implementation as a High Order Mode Interferometer for Sensing Application

Wavelength-Flattened Directional Coupler Based Mid-Infrared Chemical Sensor Using Bragg Wavelength in Subwavelength Grating Structure

Novel Design of Photonic Digital Sensors for Distinguishing Uniformly-Distributed Refractive Indices of Fluids

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