Micromorphology of sialoliths in submandibular salivary gland: A scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction analysis

Extracellular Ca2+ Sensing in Salivary Ductal Cells

“…An uncontrolled increase in the [Ca 2ϩ ] in ductal saliva could contribute to the formation of salivary calculi (8,45). Relatively higher concentration of [Ca 2ϩ ] could be causative in the formation of calcium deposits that consists of mainly calcium phosphate (8,(45)(46)(47)(48). It is important to note that in tissues such as kidney, stone formation is associated with changes in calcium reabsorption (49).…”

“…It is important to note that in tissues such as kidney, stone formation is associated with changes in calcium reabsorption (49). In salivary glands, such deposits cause ductal obstruction leading to decreased saliva flow (45,48), a condition that often leads to infection (sialoadenitis). In conclusion, the data presented above reveal a novel and potentially important role for CSR and TRPC3 in Ca 2ϩ reabsorption via the apical membrane of salivary gland ductal cells.…”

Phosphate and amide III mapping in sialoliths with Raman microspectroscopy

“…4), phosphate concentrated mainly at the center of each sialolith. Using X-ray diffraction analysis, Kasaboglu et al 9 found that the internal and central areas of sialoliths contained more phosphate than the external area. However, they analyzed powdered sialoliths and could not demonstrate the detailed distribution of the phosphate.…”

“…Using SEM, Kasaboglu et al 9 observed no organic material at the center of a sialolith. 9 On the other hand, Sakae et al 12 reported that sialoliths are composed of a central core of organic materials and a layered cortex of mineral components.…”

“…9 On the other hand, Sakae et al 12 reported that sialoliths are composed of a central core of organic materials and a layered cortex of mineral components. The organic materials may include inspissated mucus, bacteria, ductal epithelial cells, and so on.…”