Micromorphology of Seasonally Saturated Soils in Carboniferous Glacial Till

Stolt, Mark H.; Lesinski, B. C.; Wright, William

doi:10.1097/00010694-200106000-00006

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…These seeps reflect the subsurface flow processes generated by the physical geography of till settings. Till often contains fragipans or highly compact layers that restrict vertical infiltration and generate perched water tables and lateral subsurface flowpaths (Veneman and Bodine, 1982; Pickering and Veneman, 1984; Stolt et al, 2001). In addition, riparian zones in till settings are usually located at toeslope landscape positions and the change in slope associated with hydric riparian sites in till reduces the hydraulic gradient of the ground water.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying Riparian Sinks for Watershed Nitrate using Soil Surveys

et al. 2001

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The capacity of riparian zones to serve as critical control locations for watershed nitrogen flux varies with site characteristics. Without a means to stratify riparian zones into different levels of ground water nitrate removal capacity, this variability will confound spatially explicit source-sink models of watershed nitrate flux and limit efforts to target riparian restoration and management. We examined the capability of SSURGO (1:15 840 Soil Survey Geographic database) map classifications (slope class, geomorphology, and/or hydric soil designation) to identify riparian sites with high capacity for ground water nitrate removal. The study focused on 100 randomly selected riparian locations in a variety of forested and glaciated settings within Rhode Island. Geomorphic settings included till, outwash, and organic/alluvial deposits. We defined riparian zones with "high ground water nitrate removal capacity" as field sites possessing both >10 m of hydric soil width and an absence of ground water surface seeps. SSURGO classification based on a combination of geomorphology and hydric soil status created two functionally distinct sets of riparian sites. More than 75% of riparian sites classified by SSURGO as organic/alluviumhydric or as outwash-hydric had field attributes that suggest a high capacity for ground water nitrate removal. In contrast, >85% of all till sites and nonhydric outwash sites had field characteristics that minimize the capacity for ground water nitrate removal. Comparing the STATSGO and SSURGO databases for a 64000-ha watershed, STATSGO grossly under-represented critical riparian features. We conclude that the SSURGO database can provide modelers and managers with important insights into riparian zone nitrogen removal potential.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying Riparian Sinks for Watershed Nitrate using Soil Surveys

et al. 2001

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“…Micromorphological analysis of soil thin sections allows observation of the spatial relationships of Fe depletion and concentration features alongside organic matter and voids (Bouma et al, 1990;Curmi et al, 1994). Thin section micromorphology allows the identification of redoximorphic properties not visible in the field or in bulk samples (Stolt et al, 2001). Selective dissolution of thin sections is a well-established technique in soil micromorphology (Bullock et al, 1985;Stoops, 2003), and when teamed with optical and chemical analysis of the slide or the solution can also be used to infer something about the nature of these components (Curmi et al, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A microanalytical study of iron, aluminium and organic matter relationships in soils with contrasting hydrological regimes

et al. 2013

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It is recognised that interactions between mineral oxides and soil organic matter (SOM) are an important factor in the stabilisation of soil organic carbon (SOC). The nature of these interactions is particularly complex in gleyed soils that experience periodic waterlogging and changeable redox conditions. This study explores the complex patterns of iron (Fe) (hydr)oxides and SOM in three soils with contrasting hydrological regimes (Gleysol, Stagnosol and Cambisol). Micromorphological examination of undisturbed soil thin sections was teamed with SEM-EDS analysis and sequential dissolution of Fe pedofeatures to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in SOM stabilisation by mineral oxides. All soils contained a diverse range of particulate SOM forms and Fe pedofeatures; the degree of impregnation of the Fe pedofeatures was found to increase with depth and a strong correlation between the presence of SOM and Fe pedofeatures was found to exist through all soils. Weakly crystalline Fe (hydr)oxides were found in association with partially degraded tissue residues and amorphous fine organic matter (OM). Strongly crystalline Fe (hydr)oxides were found in all impregnative Fe pedofeatures and high Fe/C ratios suggested precipitative processes rather than sorption dominate SOC sequestration in these features. In addition, at the core of some strongly impregnated Fe nodules, occluded well preserved organic tissues were identified. The study highlights the range of processes and complexity involved in SOC sequestration over mm to cm scales and untangling this complexity is vital to understanding and modelling terrestrial C fluxes. Whilst the methods used here are not without their complications, the value of micro-scale studies of undisturbed soil thin sections is clearly demonstrated

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“…The depths shown to the right of the dotted line in Figure 24 are approximations due to the difficulty of determining the exact depth of iron depletions. Thick mollic colors often mask depletions at the foot and toe slopes to a depth of several meters (Stolt et al, 2001). A summary of physical and chemical properties of surface soil horizons by land use is shown in Table 7.…”

Section: Iron Depletionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quaternary stratigraphy and pedology of Clear Creek watershed in Iowa County, Iowa

O'Neal¹

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the geomorphic surfaces of Iowa has been dominated by fairly recent glacial action during the Pleistocene (Prior, 1991). The Pleistocene is defined by geologists as the time from about 2.6 million years ago until the end of the most recent ice age, about 10,000 years BP (Gibbard et al., 2005). The Quaternary period refers to both the glaciations during the Pleistocene and the period up to the present, the Holocene (Prior, 1991). Large continental glaciers advanced into Iowa many times during the Pleistocene. The periods of glaciation can be broken into periods according to age. The pre-Illinoian glaciation is the oldest, occurring from about 600,000 to 2,200,000 years ago (Boellstorff, 1978; Hallberg and Boellstorff, 1978). The pre-Illinoian glaciations were once known as the Nebraskan and Kansan stages, with the Aftonian interglacial period separating the two. These stages have been combined into the pre-Illinoian due to confusion about the number of glacial deposits present (Hallberg, 1980a). The Illinoian advance is the next oldest at

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Micromorphology of Seasonally Saturated Soils in Carboniferous Glacial Till

Cited by 8 publications

References 14 publications

Identifying Riparian Sinks for Watershed Nitrate using Soil Surveys

Identifying Riparian Sinks for Watershed Nitrate using Soil Surveys

A microanalytical study of iron, aluminium and organic matter relationships in soils with contrasting hydrological regimes

Quaternary stratigraphy and pedology of Clear Creek watershed in Iowa County, Iowa

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