Micromorphological evidence of pedogenetic pathway of a Podzolic Gray Luvisol (Falmouth series) in Nova Scotia

Wang, C.; Brewster, Gordon; Webb, K. T.

doi:10.4141/cjss95-070

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…8E and F). The disruption of many of the illuvial clay coatings suggests that they may have been incorporated into the palaeosol matrix over time in response to shrinking and swelling and/or bioturbation (Fitzpatrick, 1993; Wang et al ., 1995; Kemp & Zarate, 2000).…”

Section: Pedosedimentary Reconstruction Of Interfluve Palaeosolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial variability of palaeosols across Cretaceous interfluves in the Dunvegan Formation, NE British Columbia, Canada: palaeohydrological, palaeogeomorphological and stratigraphic implications

McCarthy

Plint

2003

Sedimentology

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A basic sedimentological and palaeopedological framework is now in place for non‐marine sequence models. The variability of interfluve palaeosols has not, however, been systematically documented, nor have the stratigraphic implications of that variability been incorporated into sequence models. Interfluve palaeosol variability in the deltaic Dunvegan Formation, NE British Columbia, Canada, is investigated, for which a detailed allostratigraphic and palaeogeographic framework has been developed, based on abundant well (> 2300 logs) and outcrop (> 60 sections) control. Regionally extensive valley fills and interfluves have been mapped in coastal plain deposits over an area of about 50 000 km2. This palaeogeographic framework permits interfluve surfaces exposed in outcrop to be located in terms of distance from the margins of coeval valleys. The micromorphological, geochemical and mineralogical characteristics of five representative sequence‐bounding palaeosols located from 250 m to more than 15 km from coeval valley margins are described. These interfluve palaeosols are similar to modern Alfisols and all record (i) aggradation on an alluvial/coastal plain; (ii) a subsequent static and/or degradational phase related to valley incision, non‐deposition and soil thickening; and (iii) a final aggradational phase related to valley filling and renewed sedimentation across the coastal plain. Within this overall template, however, variations in palaeosol thickness, redoximorphic features, illuvial clay content and geochemistry suggest developmental control by hydrological characteristics that were influenced by both the nature of the underlying alluvial sediments and distance from the valley margin. The presence of mature interfluve palaeosols with complex developmental histories suggests that landscape dissection may have been related to terrace development associated with valley incision. Palaeosols closer to valley margins are thicker, contain more illuvial clay and display characteristics suggesting better drained conditions relative to those palaeosols that developed further from valley margins. Subsequent deposition on interfluves also reflects distance from valleys, with those sites close to valleys accumulating cumulic soils with evidence of brackish groundwater, whereas far from valleys (> 10–15 km), groundwater was fresh and clastic supply minimal, encouraging peat formation. Variations in drainage and palaeotopography during landscape dissection resulted in different palaeosol development styles on interfluve surfaces that can be shown, on the basis of physical correlation, to have the same geomorphic age. These observations support the concept of the soil‐forming interval as a basis for pedostratigraphic correlation in ancient terrestrial deposits. Palaeosol variability on interfluves is to be expected, and recognition and documentation of this variability is an important prerequisite to palaeogeomorphological, palaeoclimatic and sequence stratigraphic interpretations.

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Section: Pedosedimentary Reconstruction Of Interfluve Palaeosolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial variability of palaeosols across Cretaceous interfluves in the Dunvegan Formation, NE British Columbia, Canada: palaeohydrological, palaeogeomorphological and stratigraphic implications

McCarthy

Plint

2003

Sedimentology

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“…The prolonged stability of these surfaces is also indicated by the fragmentation, ageing and assimilation of clay coatings, the intense biological reworking of the matrix, concentration of residual Zr and TiO 2 , and increased kaolinite content (McCarthy & Plint, 1998). The disruption of many of the illuvial clay coatings suggests that they may have been incorporated into the palaeosol matrix over time in response to shrinking and swelling and/or bioturbation in the palaeosol (Fitzpatrick, 1993;Wang et al, 1995). Kaolinite suggests that more intense and/or prolonged weathering conditions existed on the inter¯uves than on the typical aggradational¯oodplains in the Dunvegan Formation.…”

Section: Interpretation Of Inter¯uve Palaeosolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of an ancient coastal plain: palaeosols, interfluves and alluvial architecture in a sequence stratigraphic framework, Cenomanian Dunvegan Formation, NE British Columbia, Canada

McCarthy¹,

Faccini²,

Plint³

1999

Sedimentology

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To date, discussion of changes in alluvial style and in the character of palaeosols in relation to changes in accommodation and sediment supply on oodplains has primarily been from a conceptual standpoint: few case studies are available against which to test ideas. One hundred and thirty metres of nonmarine strata of the Dunvegan Formation were examined in 14 closely spaced sections in the canyon of the Kiskatinaw River, NE British Columbia, Canada. This site was located about 120 km inland from the transgressive limit of the contemporary marine shoreline and represents almost exclusively freshwater environments. Fluvial channels in the Kiskatinaw River section are of two types. Small, single-storey, very ®ne-to ®ne-grained sandstone ribbons with W/T ratios <30, encased in ®ne-grained¯oodplain sediments are interpreted as anastomosed channels. Fine-to medium-grained, laterally accreted point-bar deposits forming multistorey sand bodies with individual W/T ratios >30 are interpreted as the deposits of meandering rivers ®lling incised valleys. Interchannel facies include the deposits of crevasse channels and splays, lakes, oodplains and palaeosols. Floodplain palaeosols consist of laterally heterogeneous, simple palaeosol pro®les and pedocomplexes similar to modern Entisols, Inceptisols and hydromorphic soils. Inter¯uve, sequencebounding palaeosols adjacent to incised valleys are laterally continuous, up to 3 m thick and can be reliably identi®ed using a combination of (1) stratigraphic position; (2) ®eld observations, such as thickness, structure, colour, degree of rooting; and (3) micromorphological features, such as evidence of bioturbation, clay coatings, ferruginous features and sphaerosiderite. Inter¯uve palaeosols are similar to modern Al®sols and Ultisols. Correlation of the local stratigraphic succession with the regional sequence stratigraphic framework, based on 2340 well logs and 60 outcrop sections, shows that the vertical changes in coastal plain character (more coals and lakes vs. more pedogenesis) can be related to relatively high-frequency base level cycles (eustatic?) that are expressed as transgressive±regressive marine cycles in downdip areas. Regional isopach maps show that these cycles were progressively overprinted and modi®ed by an increasing rate of tectonic subsidence in the north and west. The character of palaeosols developed on aggrading¯oodplains primarily Present addresses: Sedimentology (1999) 46, 861±891 Ó 1999 International Association of Sedimentologists 861re¯ects local sediment supply and drainage. In contrast, well-developed inter¯uve palaeosols record pedogenesis during periods of reduced or negative accommodation (base level fall). Vertical changes in¯oodplain palaeoenvironments and palaeosol types re¯ect changes in accommodation rate. The detailed micromorphological analysis of inter¯uve palaeosols represents a powerful application of an under-used technique for the recognition of key surfaces in the geological record. This has broad implications for non-marine sequence stra...

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“…This may provide an additional rationale for treating Gray Brown Luvisols (predominantly in eastern Canada) with forest mull Ah formation as a dominant process for C dynamics separately from Dark Gray Luvisols (predominantly in western Canada), in which lessivage may be a more important process in the degradation of an Ah. This logic also applies to bisequal Brunisolic or Podzolic Luvisols in which podzolization may be the dominant process relevant to C in the east (Wang et al 1995) whereas podzolization and lessivage (sensu Arocena and Sanborn 1999) are concomitant processes in western Canada.…”

Section: Shaw Et Al * Stratifying Soils For Soil C Modeling 509mentioning

confidence: 99%

Stratifying soils into pedogenically similar categories for modeling forest soil carbon

Shaw¹,

Banfield²,

Kurz³

2008

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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. 2008. Stratifying soils into pedogenically similar categories for modeling forest soil organic carbon. Can. J. Soil Sci. 88: 501Á516. Most forest ecosystem carbon (C) models are designed to estimate total ecosystem C including soil C stocks and fluxes. Stratification by tree species is often used in these models to reduce uncertainty, but the potential of stratification by soil taxon has received little attention. This potential can be realized only if meaningful modeling strata are identified. Therefore, the objectives of this study were: (a) to distinguish strata of soil C modeling cateogories (SCMC) on the basis of soil C stocks of taxonomic categories that are characterized by similar pedogenic processes important to C dynamics, and (b) to review the literature to test the robustness of the SCMC scheme. Carbon stocks of 1383 forest soil pedons were analyzed by multiple means comparisons for soil orders and by orthogonal contrasts between pedologically related sets of subgroups within soil orders. Eleven SCMCs were distinguished with mean total C stocks varying from 325937.2 t ha Á1 for the gleyed Cryosol SCMC to 9493.9 t ha Á1 for the Brunisolic Gray Luvisol SCMC. A review of the literature relevant to each SCMC demonstrated that there is a scientific basis for using these strata to model forest soil C dynamics.Key words: Forest soil, carbon, modeling, pedology, genesis Shaw, C. H., Banfield, E. and Kurz, W. A. 2008. Stratification des sols en cate´gories a`pe´dogene`se similaire pour la mode´lisation du carbone dans les sols forestiers. Can. J. Soil Sci,. 88: 501Á516. La majorite´des mode`les du carbone (C) des e´cosyste`mes forestiers sont conc¸us pour estimer la totalite´du carbone dans l'e´cosyste`me, y compris ses re´serves et ses flux. Ils recourent souvent a`la stratification par espe`ce d'arbre afin d'atte´nuer les incertitudes, mais on s'est peu inte´resse´a`la possibilite´d'une stratification par taxon de sol. On ne pourrait ne´anmoins exploiter ce potentiel que si on identifie des strates utiles a`la mode´lisation. Les objectifs de l'e´tude consistaient donc (a) a`distinguer les strates de mode´lisation du carbone du sol d'apre`s la quantite´de C dans le sol des cate´gories se caracte´risant par les meˆmes me´canismes de pe´dogene`se importants a`la dynamique du C et (b) a`passer en revue les donne´es publie´es afin de ve´rifier la robustesse d'un tel syste`me. Les auteurs ont analyse´les stocks de carbone de 1 383 pe´dons de sol forestier par comparaisons multiples afin d'e´tablir l'ordre des sols et par contraste orthogonal entre jeux de sous-groupes a`pe´dologie voisine dans les ordres de sol. Ils ont ainsi obtenu onze strates de mode´lisation du C du sol, les re´serves totales variant en moyenne de 325 9 37,2 t de C par hectare pour la strate du cryosol gle´yifie´a`94 9 3,9 t de C par hectare pour la strate du luvisol gris brunisolique. Une revue de la documentation scientifique pour chaque strate prouve que l'application de ces dernie`res a`la mode´lisation de la dynamique du C dans les sol...

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Micromorphological evidence of pedogenetic pathway of a Podzolic Gray Luvisol (Falmouth series) in Nova Scotia

Cited by 10 publications

References 7 publications

Spatial variability of palaeosols across Cretaceous interfluves in the Dunvegan Formation, NE British Columbia, Canada: palaeohydrological, palaeogeomorphological and stratigraphic implications

Spatial variability of palaeosols across Cretaceous interfluves in the Dunvegan Formation, NE British Columbia, Canada: palaeohydrological, palaeogeomorphological and stratigraphic implications

Evolution of an ancient coastal plain: palaeosols, interfluves and alluvial architecture in a sequence stratigraphic framework, Cenomanian Dunvegan Formation, NE British Columbia, Canada

Stratifying soils into pedogenically similar categories for modeling forest soil carbon

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