Micromixing efficiency in static mixer

Fang, Juar-Zei; Lee, D.J

doi:10.1016/s0009-2509(01)00098-7

Cited by 99 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In welldesigned reactors, with a turbulent flow regime, the time required for mixing is of the order of 0.1-10 s (Bourne, 1985). Complex system dynamics can be quantitatively or even qualitatively affected by mixing, when the mixing time is comparable to the characteristic reaction time (Fang and Lee, 2001). Such dynamics may affect yields from refold steps.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A critical assessment of the impact of mixing on dilution refolding

Mannall

Titchener‐Hooker

Chase

et al. 2005

Biotech & Bioengineering

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Refolding often presents a bottleneck in the generation of recombinant protein expressed as inclusion bodies. Few studies have looked at the effect of physical factors on the yield from refolding steps. Refold reactors typically operate in fed-batch mode with a slow injection rate. This paper characterizes mixing in a novel reactor, and seeks to relate the conditions of mixing to native lysozyme yields after refolding. A novel twin-impeller system incorporating a mini-paddle impeller located in the vicinity of the injection point was used to increase the local levels of energy dissipation experienced by the injected material, and to improve refolding yields. Mixing only affected yields during and immediately after denatured protein addition. Analysis of lysozyme refolding yield, under a variety of conditions, revealed that dispersive mixing affected the yield. The beneficial effect of the mini-paddle impeller in providing a source of localized energy dissipation was limited to conditions where the bulk impeller intensity was low. The effects appeared to become more significant when injection times were longer, because of increased exposure of the injected material to the energy dissipation of the mini-impeller. The results suggest that for fed-batch protein refolding systems, where mixing has been shown to be a critical factor, the local energy dissipation experienced in the vicinity of the injection point is critical to the refolding yields.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A critical assessment of the impact of mixing on dilution refolding

Mannall

Titchener‐Hooker

Chase

et al. 2005

Biotech & Bioengineering

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“…The most interesting ones include: tubular reactors (Bałdyga and Henczka, 1997), static mixers (Fang and Lee, 2001;, jets (Baldyga et al, 1994), centrifugal pumps (Bolzern and Bourne, 1985), membrane reactors (Baccar et al, 2009;Jia et al, 2006), sonoreactors (Faryadi et al, 2014;Lee et al, 2014;Monnier et al, 1999;Monnier et al, 2000;Parvizian et al, 2011;Parvizian et al, 2012), reactors with torus shape (Nouri et al, 2008), reactors for polymerisation (Kunowa et al, 2007). Diazo-coupling reactions, ester hydrolysis reactions, and Villermaux-Dushman reaction were applied in these investigations.…”

Section: Other Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Test Reactions to Study Efficiency of

Jasińska¹

2015

Chemical and Process Engineering

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Effects of mixing on the course of fast chemical reactions are relatively well understood, especially in homogeneous systems. This enables to design and operate chemical reactors with the goal to achieve a high yield of a desired product and use systems of complex reactions as a chemical probe (chemical test reactions) to identify progress of mixing and quality of mixture. Recently, a number of studies have focused on the application of chemical test reactions to identify energy efficiency of mixing, being a convenient way of comparing mixers and reactors in terms of their mixing efficiency. This review offers a presentation of chemical test reactions available in the literature and methods of applications of test reactions to identify the energy efficiency of mixing. Also methods to assess the extent of micromixing by measuring product distribution or segregation index, and to determine the time constant for mixing are presented for single phase homogeneous systems and two-phase liquid-liquid systems.

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“…Highly turbulent flow, which can be enhanced through the use of baffles or in-line mixer elements, provides very rapid mixing of feed slurry and polymer solution in the pipe. Fang and Lee 45) have indicated micromixing times of the order of nanoseconds in Kenics mixers at Reynolds numbers greater than about 1000. Sufficiently high turbulence to ensure high polymer-particle and particle-particle collision frequencies can readily be achieved while its role in floc degradation may be less severe than that of the impeller in a stirred tank.…”

Section: Pipes and In-line Mixersmentioning

confidence: 99%