Micromixers—a review on passive and active mixing principles

Hessel, Volker; Löwe, Holger; Schönfeld, Friedhelm

doi:10.1016/j.ces.2004.11.033

Cited by 1,272 publications

(817 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Most of them focused on enhancing the efficiency of mixing by passive or active methods. For passive mixers, complex channel geometries were used to increase the interaction area between the mixing liquids to achieve complete mixing within a short transport distance [3]- [6]. On the other hand, active mixing methods introduce external energy sources into the mixing process to enhance the mixing efficiency [6] [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For passive mixers, complex channel geometries were used to increase the interaction area between the mixing liquids to achieve complete mixing within a short transport distance [3]- [6]. On the other hand, active mixing methods introduce external energy sources into the mixing process to enhance the mixing efficiency [6] [7]. Using variable zeta potentials, Erickson [8] introduced oppositely charged surface patches into the microchannel, and obtained localized flow circulations to enhance the mixing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of ionic concentration gradient on electroosmotic flow mixing in a microchannel

Peng

2015

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

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Effects of ionic concentration gradient on electroosmotic flow (EOF) mixing of one stream of a high concentration electrolyte solution with a stream of a low concentration electrolyte solution in a micrichannel are investigated numerically. The concentration field, flow field and electric field are strongly coupled via concentration dependent zeta potential, dielectric constant and electric conductivity. The results show that the electric field and the flow velocity are nonuniform when the concentration dependence of these parameters is taken into consideration. It is also found that when the ionic concentration of the electrolyte solution is higher than 1M, the electrolyte solution essentially cannot enter the channel due to the extremely low electroosmotic flow mobility. The effects of the concentration dependence of zeta potential, dielectric constant and electric conductivity on electroosmotic flow mixing are studied.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of ionic concentration gradient on electroosmotic flow mixing in a microchannel

Peng

2015

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

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“…37 To make sure that the mixing progresses according to what has been analyzed, we propose to perform a real mixing experiment in which dyed water is used for clear observation and observe the process using digital images. The water is initially dispensed into the right compartment and monoolein the left as shown in Figure 11A.…”

Section: Analysis Of the Mixing Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Microdevice for the Mixing of a Highly Viscous Biosample with Water/Membrane Protein Solution using Microchannel and Centrifugation

Liang

Zheng

2011

JALA: Journal of the Association for Laboratory Automation

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A mechanism for controlling the mixing of highly viscous biosamples at the microliter scale is presented. Existing methods for mixing biosamples using microstirrers or shaking microwells are only effective for non-highly viscous materials. The proposed mechanism mixes monoolein, a highly viscous biosample, with water/membrane protein solution in a microdevice called microcapsule using a microchannel and centrifugation. To achieve effective mixing, the design of the microcapsule along with the microchannel is presented and so is the hydrodynamic model describing the flow of viscous materials in the microchannel. The mixing process is analyzed according to the Reynolds number of the biosamples using computer simulation, which is observed during the experiment using digital images for further analysis. Finally, the new approach is verified by X-ray diffraction experiments with water and the Rh membrane protein solution, which are used to evaluate the effectiveness of mixing. Experimental results not only validate the proposed method but also determine the flow oscillation time in the microchannel to achieve effective and efficient mixing.

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“…However, owing to the small length scales, often only a laminar flow profile is observed in microchannels (Re < 100). [17][18][19] This means that mixing is achieved by diffusion of molecules from one lamella to a neighboring one. The characteristic mixing time (tm) can be calculated by the Einstein-Smoluchovski equation:…”

Section: Mass Transport Phenomenamentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond Organometallic Flow Chemistry: The Principles Behind the Use of Continuous-Flow Reactors for Synthesis

Noël

Hessel

2015

Topics in Organometallic Chemistry

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Flow chemistry is typically used to enable challenging reactions which are difficult to carry out in conventional batch equipment. Consequently, the use of continuous-flow reactors for applications in organometallic and organic chemistry has witnessed a spectacular increase in interest from the chemistry community in the last decade. However, flow chemistry is more than just pumping reagents through a capillary and the engineering behind the observed phenomena can help to exploit the technology's full potential. Here, we give an overview of the most important engineering aspects associated with flow chemistry. This includes a discussion of mass-, heat-, and photon-transport phenomena which are relevant to carry out chemical reactions in a microreactor. Next, determination of intrinsic kinetics, automation of chemical processes, solids handling and multistep reaction sequences in flow are discussed. Safety is one of the main drivers to implement continuous-flow microreactor technology in an existing process and a brief overview is given here as well. Finally, the scale-up potential of microreactor technology is reviewed.

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Micromixers—a review on passive and active mixing principles

Cited by 1,272 publications

References 70 publications

Effects of ionic concentration gradient on electroosmotic flow mixing in a microchannel

Effects of ionic concentration gradient on electroosmotic flow mixing in a microchannel

A Microdevice for the Mixing of a Highly Viscous Biosample with Water/Membrane Protein Solution using Microchannel and Centrifugation

Beyond Organometallic Flow Chemistry: The Principles Behind the Use of Continuous-Flow Reactors for Synthesis

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