Micrometeorological Measurements of Methane and Carbon Dioxide Fluxes at a Municipal Landfill

Lohila, Annalea; Laurila, Tuomas; Tuovinen, Juha‐Pekka; Aurela, Mika; Hatakka, Juha; Thum, Tea; Pihlatie, Mari; Rinne, Janne; Vesala, Timo

doi:10.1021/es061631h

Cited by 85 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…Besides specific case studies in forests (e.g., Pilegaard et al, 2003;Pihlatie et al, 2005b;Eugster et al, 2007), investigations have also been carried out in grasslands (Scanlon and Kiely, 2003;Leahy et al, 2004;Soussana et al, 2007;Zeeman et al, 2010), croplands including rice paddies Alberto et al, 2009;Smith et al, 2010;Du and Liu, 2013), savannas (Hanan et al, 1996;Williams et al, 2004;Hutley et al, 2005;Kutsch et al, 2008;Archibald et al, 2009;Merbold et al, 2009;Bruemmer et al, 2009;Eamus et al, 2013), peatlands (Lafleur et al, 2001;Lund et al, 2010;Brown et al, 2014), landfills (Rinne et al, 2005;Lohila et al, 2007b;McDermitt et al, 2011;Schroth et al, 2012), and Arctic tundra ecosystems (Walker et al, 1998;Vourlitis and Oechel, 1999;Corradi et al, 2005;Eugster et al, 2005;Wille et al, 2008;Sachs et al, 2008;Grant et al, 2011). Only very recently have researchers started to also extend eddy covariance measurements to ever more challenging and less widespread ecosystem types, such as mangroves Jha et al, 2014), deserts (Honrath et al, 2002;Liu et al, 2012;Li et al, 2014), intertidal flats (P...…”

Section: Deployments In Different Ecosystem Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eddy covariance for quantifying trace gas fluxes from soils

Eugster

Merbold

2015

SOIL

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Abstract. Soils are highly complex physical and biological systems, and hence measuring soil gas exchange fluxes with high accuracy and adequate spatial representativity remains a challenge. A technique which has become increasingly popular is the eddy covariance (EC) method. This method takes advantage of the fact that surface fluxes are mixed into the near-surface atmosphere via turbulence. As a consequence, measurements with an EC system can be done at some distance above the surface, providing accurate and spatially integrated flux density estimates. In this paper we provide a basic overview targeting scientists who are not familiar with the EC method. This review gives examples of successful deployments from a wide variety of ecosystems. The primary focus is on the three major greenhouse gases: carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), methane (CH 4 ), and nitrous oxide (N 2 O). Several limitations to the application of EC systems exist, requiring a careful experimental design, which we discuss in detail. Thereby we group these experiments into two main classes: (1) manipulative experiments, and (2) survey-type experiments. Recommendations and examples of successful studies using various approaches are given, including the combination of EC flux measurements with online measurements of stable isotopes. We conclude that EC should not be considered a substitute to traditional (e.g., chamber based) flux measurements but instead an addition to them. The greatest strength of EC measurements in soil science are (1) their uninterrupted continuous measurement of gas concentrations and fluxes that can also capture short-term bursts of fluxes that easily could be missed by other methods and (2) the spatial integration covering the ecosystem scale (several square meters to hectares), thereby integrating over small-scale heterogeneity in the soil.

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Section: Deployments In Different Ecosystem Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eddy covariance for quantifying trace gas fluxes from soils

Eugster

Merbold

2015

SOIL

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“…To the best of our knowledge, there is only one study in the literature that tried to quantify landfill methane emissions on a continuous and long‐term basis (about 6 months) with the eddy covariance method [ Lohila et al , ], although a few studies did use the eddy covariance method at landfills but only on a short‐term field campaign basis ranging from a few hours to 2 weeks [ Hovde et al , ; Tregoures et al, ; Fowler and Muller , ; Eugster and Plüss , ; Schroth et al , ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of changes in barometric pressure on landfill methane emission

Lin

Amen

et al. 2014

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

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Landfill methane emissions were measured continuously using the eddy covariance method from June to December 2010. The study site was located at the Bluff Road Landfill in Lincoln, Nebraska, USA. Our results show that landfill methane emissions strongly depended on changes in barometric pressure; rising barometric pressure suppressed the emission, while falling barometric pressure enhanced the emission, a phenomenon called barometric pumping. There was up to a 35-fold variation in day-to-day methane emissions due to changes in barometric pressure. Wavelet coherence analysis revealed a strong spectral coherency between variations of barometric pressure and methane emission at periodicities ranging from 1 day to 8 days. Power spectrum and ogive analysis showed that at least 10 days of continuous measurements was needed in order to capture 90% of the total variance in the methane emission time series at our landfill site. From our results, it is clear that point-in-time measurements taken at monthly or longer time intervals using techniques such as the trace plume method, the mass balance method, or the closed-chamber method will be subject to large variations in measured emission rates because of the barometric pumping phenomenon. Estimates of long-term integrated methane emissions from landfills based on such measurements could yield uncertainties, ranging from 28.8% underestimation to 32.3% overestimation. Our results demonstrate a need for continuous measurements to quantify annual total landfill emissions. This conclusion may apply to the study of methane emissions from wetlands, peatlands, lakes, and other environmental contexts where emissions are from porous media or ebullition. Other implications from the present study for hazard gas monitoring programs are also discussed.

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“…5−7 Besides these reasons, CH 4 has also been proven to be a greenhouse gas, and its global warning potential (GWP) is even higher than CO 2 . 8,9 During the processing of landfill gas (LFG), separation of CH 4 from N 2 is required to minimize the emission of CH 4 to the atmosphere.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorption of CO₂, CH₄, and N₂ in Micro-Mesoporous Nanographene: A Comparative Study

Saha

Nelson

Chen³

et al. 2015

J. Chem. Eng. Data

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In this work, we have measured the adsorption isotherms and calculated the equilibrium selectivity for CO 2 , CH 4 , and N 2 on micro-mesoporous nanographene at three temperatures of 298 K, 278 K, and 263 K and pressures up to 760 Torr. The nanographene sample possesses a particle size range of 50 nm to 250 nm along with a Brunauer−Emmett−Teller (BET) specific surface area of 514 m 2 /g and total pore volume of 3 cm 3 /g. The pore widths varied from 3.5 Å to 8 Å in the microporous region and very large distributed widths within 45 Å to 250 Å in the region of mesoporosity. The calculated equilibrium selectivity of gas separation at 298 K by pressure swing adsorption for CO 2 /N 2 , CO 2 /CH 4 , and CH 4 /N 2 are 55, 8.2, and 6.5, respectively, whereas the adsorption selection parameters for same pair of gases are 540, 101, and 117, respectively. To compare the equilibrium selectivity values with other adsorbents, we have measured the gas adsorption isotherms for CO 2 , CH 4 , and N 2 on Maxsorb (a commercial activated carbon with BET surface area 3200 m 2 /g) and calculated the selectivity values for several adsorbents based on their adsorption isotherms reported in the literature. We have found that equilibrium selectivity for all the gas pairs are higher for graphene compared to Maxsorb. We also found that the equilibrium selectivity for CO 2 /N 2 for graphene is higher than all the carbon-based materials reported so far. The equilibrium selectivity for CO 2 /CH 4 and CH 4 /N 2 in graphene is also higher than the majority of the adsorbents reported in the literature. Our findings suggest that graphene can serve as a potential adsorbent for gas separation purposes.

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Micrometeorological Measurements of Methane and Carbon Dioxide Fluxes at a Municipal Landfill

Cited by 85 publications

References 17 publications

Eddy covariance for quantifying trace gas fluxes from soils

Eddy covariance for quantifying trace gas fluxes from soils

Impact of changes in barometric pressure on landfill methane emission

Adsorption of CO₂, CH₄, and N₂ in Micro-Mesoporous Nanographene: A Comparative Study

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Micrometeorological Measurements of Methane and Carbon Dioxide Fluxes at a Municipal Landfill

Cited by 85 publications

References 17 publications

Eddy covariance for quantifying trace gas fluxes from soils

Eddy covariance for quantifying trace gas fluxes from soils

Impact of changes in barometric pressure on landfill methane emission

Adsorption of CO2, CH4, and N2 in Micro-Mesoporous Nanographene: A Comparative Study

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Product

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Adsorption of CO₂, CH₄, and N₂ in Micro-Mesoporous Nanographene: A Comparative Study