Micromechanics of Osteonal Cortical Bone Fracture

Guo, X. Edward; Liang, Liqun; Goldstein, Steve A.N.

doi:10.1115/1.2834290

Cited by 81 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…A good proportion of hard and soft materials usually results in a tougher combination as toughening mechanisms at interfaces usually enhance the overall fracture resistance. In other words, combining the stiff interstitial matrix with soft secondary osteons may facilitate formation process of toughening mechanism [27]. Yet, excessive primary or secondary osteons could unbalance the formation process and result in a decline of fracture toughness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of fracture processes in cortical bone tissue

Abdel-Wahab

Silberschmidt

2013

Engineering Fracture Mechanics

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Bones are the principal structural components of a skeleton; they play unique roles in the body providing its shape maintenance, protection of internal organs and transmission of forces. Ultimately, their structural integrity is vital for the quality of life.Unfortunately, bones can only sustain loads until a certain limit, beyond which they fail. Understanding a fracture behaviour of bone is necessary for prevention and diagnosis of trauma; this can be achieved by studying mechanical properties of bone, such as its fracture toughness. Generally, most of bone fractures occur in long bones consisting mostly of cortical bone tissue. Therefore, in this paper, an experimental study and numerical simulations of fracture processes in a bovine femoral cortical bone tissue were considered. A set of experiments was conducted to characterise fracture toughness of the bone tissue in order to gain basic understanding of spatial variability and anisotropy of its resistance to fracture and its link to an underlying microstructure. The data was obtained using single-edge-notch-bending specimens of cortical bone tested in a three-point bending setup; fracture surfaces of specimens were studied using scanning electron microscopy. Based on the results of those experiments, a number of finite-element models were developed in order to analyse its deformation and fracture using the extended finite-element method (X-FEM).Experimental results of this study demonstrate both variability and anisotropy of fracture toughness of the cortical bone tissue; the developed models adequately reflected the experimental data.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of fracture processes in cortical bone tissue

Abdel-Wahab

Silberschmidt

2013

Engineering Fracture Mechanics

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“…Factors such as porosity, mineralization, collagen fibre orientation, diameter and spacing and other aspects of histological structure strongly affect mechanical properties; have positive effect on crack initiation and negative influence on their growth [4]. The effect of bone quantity on the mechanical behaviour and structural integrity of bone was established previously [5,6], however, more in-depth investigations are still required of the contributory effects of microstructure, material properties, and microcrack propagation [3,7]. These can be characterized as bone quality measures; an improved understanding of bone quality, particularly, resistance to crack initiation and propagation can help in accessing bone fracture risk [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The material properties of the thin amorphous interface -cement line -are not fully established yet [16]. Secondary compact bone can be considered as composite material [2,7]. In such a composite model, osteons are represents as the fibres and interstitial bone as the matrix.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micro-scale modelling of bovine cortical bone fracture: Analysis of crack propagation and microstructure using X-FEM

Abdel-Wahab

Maligno

Silberschmidt

2012

Computational Materials Science

122

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• This is the author's version of a work that was accepted for publication in Computational Materials Science.Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural for- Micro-scale modelling of bovine cortical bone fracture: Analysis of crack propagation and microstructure using X-FEM Adel A. Abdel-Wahab, Angelo R. Maligno, and Vadim V. SilberschmidtWolfson School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK Abstract Bone fracture susceptibility increased by factors such as bone loss, microstructure changes, and material properties variations. Therefore, investigation of the microstructure and material properties effect on the crack propagation and the global response at macro-scale level is of great importance. A non-uniform distribution of osteons in a cortical bone tissue results in a localization of deformation processes. Such localization can affect bone performance under external load and initiate fracture or assist its propagation. Once the fracture initiates, that distribution can play an important role on the crack propagation process at micro-scale level. Subsequently, the global response at macro-scale level could also be affected. In this study, a two-dimensional numerical (finite-element) fracture model for osteonal bovine cortical bone was developed with account for its microstructure using X-FEM. The topology of a transverse-radial cross section of a bovine cortical bone was captured with optical microscopy. The mechanical properties for the microstructural features of the cross-section were obtained with a use of the nanoindentation technique. Both the topology and nanoindentation data were used as input to the model formulated with the Abaqus 6.10 finite-element software. The area, directly reflecting micro-scale information, was embedded into the region with homogenised properties of the cortical bone. The simulations provide the macro-scale global response, crack propagation paths and the distribution of maximum principal stress fields at the micro-scale level for three different microscopic topologies; homogeneous, two phase composite model and threr phase composite model under tensile loading condition. The calculated stress fields for various cases of topologies demonstrate different patterns due to implementation of microstructural features in the finite-element model. There is an important role of the microstructure on the crack propagation trajectory. The suggested approach emphasizes the importance of microstructural features, especially cement lines, in development of bone failure.

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“…Based on this analogy, the osteon acts as the fibre with the matrix being interstitial bone consisting of old osteon fragments. Numerous studies on fracture mechanics of cortical bone have demonstrated similarities to fracture mechanics in composite materials [35,[39][40][41][42][43].…”

Section: Anisotropic Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This means that the assumption of mechanically isotropic bone tissue is a strong simplification of the problem. The cortical bone can be properly modelled as a rate dependent transversely isotropic material [33,34], thus the cortical bone tissue can be considered analogous to a fibre reinforced composite material [35][36][37][38]. Based on this analogy, the osteon acts as the fibre with the matrix being interstitial bone consisting of old osteon fragments.…”

Section: Anisotropic Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of anisotropy in numerical modeling of orthogonal cutting of cortical bone

Santiuste

Rodríguez-Millán

Giner

et al. 2014

Composite Structures

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Cutting operations in bone are involved in surgical treatments in orthopaedics and traumatology.The importance of guaranteeing the absence of damage in the living workpiece is equivalent in this case to ensuring surface quality. The knowledge in this field is really far from the expertise in industrial cutting of mechanical components. Modeling of bone cutting is a challenge strongly dependent on the accurate modeling of mechanical behaviour of the bone. This paper focuses on modeling of orthogonal cutting of cortical bone. The intrinsic anisotropic nature of the cortical bone that makes it comparable to a compos-ite material is taken into account. The influence of anisotropy is analysed comparing this behaviour with an isotropic approach. It is shown that both chip morphology and temperature are affected by the anisot-ropy of the cortical bone that acts as a workpiece.

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Micromechanics of Osteonal Cortical Bone Fracture

Cited by 81 publications

References 27 publications

Analysis of fracture processes in cortical bone tissue

Analysis of fracture processes in cortical bone tissue

Micro-scale modelling of bovine cortical bone fracture: Analysis of crack propagation and microstructure using X-FEM

The influence of anisotropy in numerical modeling of orthogonal cutting of cortical bone

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