Micromechanical ultrasonic liquid nebulizer

Paneva, R.; Temmel, G.; Burte, Edmund P.; Ryssel, H.

doi:10.1016/s0924-4247(97)01580-x

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…As one of the important properties of ZnO, its piezoelectricity has been extensively studied for various applications in force sensing, acoustic wave resonator, acousto-optic modulator, etc. [102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109] The origin of the piezoelectricity lies in its crystal structure, in which the oxygen atoms and zinc atoms are tetrahedrally bonded. In such a non-centrosymmetric structure, the center of positive charge and negative charge can be displaced due to external pressure induced lattice distortion (Fig.…”

Section: Piezoelectric Effect and Polar Surfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc Oxide Nanostructures: Synthesis and Properties

Fan

2005

J. Nanosci. Nanotech.

734

336

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This article provides a comprehensive review of the current research activities that focus on the ZnO nanostructure materials and their physical property characterizations. It begins with the synthetic methods that have been exploited to grow ZnO nanostructures. A range of remarkable characteristics are then presented, organized into sections describing the mechanical, electrical, optical, magnetic, and chemical sensing properties. These studies constitute the basis for developing versatile applications of ZnO nanostructures.

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Section: Piezoelectric Effect and Polar Surfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc Oxide Nanostructures: Synthesis and Properties

Fan

2005

J. Nanosci. Nanotech.

734

336

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“…Therefore, it underlines the value of developing a clearer definition of the physical phenomena involved in the onset of ultrasonic atomization by Faraday waves. A noteworthy argument made by Paneva et al [13] and Mwakikunga [14] is that the characteristic size of droplets considered by different authors may not be the same, eventually leading to these differences, but Mwakikunga [14] also advances two other reasons: (i) the Kelvin assumption leading to Equation (1) is not universal; (ii) or the effect of viscosity (µ L ) and volumetric flow rate ( Vf r ) should be taken into consideration. Although there is a lack of systematic research investigating the first reason, several works tackled with the second one.…”

Section: Atomization By Faraday Wavesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonic Atomization: New Spray Characterization Approaches

Panão

2022

Fluids

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In particle engineering, spray drying is an essential technique that depends on producing sprays, ideally made of equal-sized droplets. Ultrasonic sprays appear to be the best option to achieve it, and Faraday waves are the background mechanism of ultrasonic atomization. The characterization of sprays in this atomization strategy is commonly related to the relation between characteristic drop sizes and the capillary length produced by the forcing frequency of wavy patterns on thin liquid films. However, although this atomization approach is practical when the intended outcome is to produce sprays with droplets of the same size, drop sizes are diverse in real applications. Therefore, adequate characterization of drop size is paramount to establishing the relations between empirical approaches proposed in the literature and the outcome of ultrasonic atomization in actual operating conditions. In this sense, this work explores new approaches to spray characterization applied to ultrasonic sprays produced with different solvents. The first two introduced are the role of redundancy in drop size measurements to avoid resolution limitation in the measurement technique and compare using regular versus variable bin widths when building the histograms of drop size. Another spray characterization tool is the Drop Size Diversity to understand the limitations of characterizing ultrasonic sprays solely based on representative diameters or moments of drop size distributions. The results of ultrasonic spray characterization obtained emphasize: the lack of universality in the relation between a characteristic diameter and the capillary length associated with Faraday waves; the variability on drop size induced by both liquid properties and flow rate on the atomization outcome, namely, lower capillary lengths produce smaller droplets but less efficiently; the higher sensibility of the polydispersion and heterogeneity degrees in Drop Size Diversity when using variable bin widths to build the histograms of drop size; the higher drop size diversity for lower flow rates expressed by the presence of multiple clusters of droplets with similar characteristics leading to multimodal drop size distributions; and the gamma and log-normal mathematical probability functions are the ones that best describe the organization of drop size data in ultrasonic sprays.

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“…ZnO is also widely used as a piezoelectric material 72,73 due to its crystal structure in which is non-centrosymmetric, having oxygen atoms and zinc atoms tetrahedrally bonded. Because of this, the centre of the charges can be re-located due to an induced lattice distortion caused by an external pressure.…”

Section: Piezoelectric and Sensing Properties And Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defect characterization of low temperature solution grown ZnO

Liew¹

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Micromechanical ultrasonic liquid nebulizer

Cited by 7 publications

References 5 publications

Zinc Oxide Nanostructures: Synthesis and Properties

Zinc Oxide Nanostructures: Synthesis and Properties

Ultrasonic Atomization: New Spray Characterization Approaches

Defect characterization of low temperature solution grown ZnO

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