Micromechanical characterisation of overburden shales in the Horn River Basin through nanoindentation

Abstract

The paper presents a micromechanical characterisation of Fort Simpson shale, which overlies unconventional gas-producing lithologies in the Horn River Basin, NW Canada. The Fort Simpson formation is clay-rich and microseismic data recorded during hydraulic fracturing events in the underlying reservoir has shown the formation acts as a barrier to fracture development, with a notably anisotropic seismic response. Samples were prepared from core fragments and the composition and texture of the shale was characterised using X-ray diffraction, mercury injection porosimetry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Nanoindentation testing was used to obtain the mechanical response of the shale microstructure, at grain-scale. The indentation was conducted on a grid pattern and samples were oriented both parallel and perpendicular to the bedding plane to assess the inherent mechanical anisotropy. Chemical analysis of the grids was also undertaken through SEM/EDS (energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy) and the coupled chemo-mechanical data was used to characterise the material phases of the shale through a statistical clustering procedure. The results show that Fort Simpson shale broadly consists of a soft clay phase, with strongly anisotropic elastic stiffness, and stiffer but effectively isotropic grains of quartz and feldspar. A simple upscaling scheme was also applied to link the grain-scale elastic stiffness to the field-scale microseismic data.

Nanoindentation of Horn River Basin Shales: The Micromechanical Contrast Between Overburden and Reservoir Formations

“…The nanoindentation and SEM-EDS data used in the study are available at the National Geoscience Data Centre (NGDC) via https://doi.org/10.5285/5c9eb939-ebc3-46f6-8690-ed1d9c46bca6 with an Open Government Licence (Charlton et al, 2022).…”