Micromachining Sensors for Electrochemical Measurement in Subnanoliter Volumes

Bratten, Craig D. T.; Cobbold, P H; Cooper, Jonathan M.

doi:10.1021/ac960743w

Cited by 120 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…To avoid this major drawback, the use of a humidity chamber, the addition of glycerin to the supporting electrolyte and the covering of the aqueous microsystem with a mineral oil, have been proposed. 31,32,[38][39][40][41] A different approach can be proposed by using the fountain pen probe, since evaporation processes could be partially counterbalanced by the constant flow of solution from the open microchannel. With the aim of assessing this possibility, an EPFL logo prepared by evaporation through a mask was imaged under dry conditions by using a fountain pen probe in a contact regime (Fig.…”

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confidence: 99%

Fountain pen for scanning electrochemical microscopy

et al. 2010

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A fountain pen probe has been developed to extend the scope of scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) experiments to dry surfaces. The fountain pen is fabricated by UV-photoablation of a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film and consists on one side of one microchannel for flowing an electrolyte solution to the open tip, integrating a reference/counter electrode and on the other side a carbon track. The exposed tip of the track forms the working electrode located close to the microchannel outlet. The fountain pen can operate in a pointillist mode where a nanolitre droplet at the bottom of the probe connects it to a well-defined surface area to study locally the substrate, but can also operate in a scanning mode leaving a linear wet track of solution behind it to monitor the surface activity. The electrochemical characterization of the proposed fountain pen probe was performed by cyclic voltammetry, approach curves and lateral line scans over insulating and conductive substrates, showing that the flow rate and the probe-substrate distance have a major influence on its electrochemical behavior. An SECM image of a gold on glass EPFL logo is presented as a proof-ofconcept that fountain pen probes can be employed for the detection of surface activity when scanning in a contact regime.

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confidence: 99%

Fountain pen for scanning electrochemical microscopy

et al. 2010

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“…We want to find out which ratio of the areas gives the optimal performance of the microelectrodes/microactuators, and whether the electrode configuration influences their performance. Several micro-electrochemical cells have been presented in the literature [21,24,25], but with little evaluation of alternative electrode lay-outs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On-chip microelectrodes for electrochemistry with moveable PPy bilayer actuators as working electrodes

Jager

Smela

Inganäs

1999

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical

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We present electrochemical microactuators which have all the electrodes necessary for the actuation—the working, counter, and reference electrodes—on-chip. This is a first step towards an all-polymer system, i.e., a system that does not require a liquid electrolyte. The microactuators' performance was as good as when standard, off-chip counter and reference electrodes were used. Specifically, the speed of actuation was the same. In addition, we obtained a good cyclic voltammogram, although the oxidation and reduction peaks were shifted and some noise was present. Apart from application in an all-polymer system, we will also use these microactuators for studies on the effect of mechanical stimulation of living cells.Original Publication:Edwin Jager, Elisabeth Smela and Olle Inganäs, On-chip microelectrodes for electrochemistry with moveable PPy bilayer actuators as working electrodes, 1999, Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical, (56), 1-2, 73-78.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0925-4005(99)00159-8Copyright: Elsevierhttp://www.elsevier.com

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“…[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] Recently, we demonstrated the extraction of a ferrocene derivative from water (2 mL) into a single micro-oil-droplet (10 -11 L) in contact with a microelectrode, and an in situ quantitative analysis of the solute using microcapillary injection and cyclic voltammetry of a single droplet. 9 When a pL oil droplet was used, mass transfer from the bulk water phase into the droplet surface was very efficient owing to spherical diffusion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single Microdroplet/Water Extraction and in situ Microanalysis by Microcapillary Injection and Differential Pulse Voltammetry

2002

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A redox species was extracted from water (50 × 10 -6 dm 3 ) into a single micro-oil-droplet (30 × 10 -12 dm 3 ) in contact with a microelectrode using microcapillary injection and manipulation techniques. Further, an in situ microanalysis of the solute in a single oil droplet was demonstrated by differential pulse voltammetry. The redox species of 10 -16 mol concentrated in the droplet could be quantitatively analyzed independently of the distribution coefficient of the solute between the oil and water phases. The potential of this technique was considered in terms of the preconcentration and separation as well as a microanalysis and an ultratrace analysis.

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Micromachining Sensors for Electrochemical Measurement in Subnanoliter Volumes

Cited by 120 publications

References 15 publications

Fountain pen for scanning electrochemical microscopy

Fountain pen for scanning electrochemical microscopy

On-chip microelectrodes for electrochemistry with moveable PPy bilayer actuators as working electrodes

Single Microdroplet/Water Extraction and in situ Microanalysis by Microcapillary Injection and Differential Pulse Voltammetry

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