Microinvasive Germ Cell Tumors of the Testis

Eyben, Finn Edler von; Mikulowski, Pawel; Busch, Christoph

doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(17)54777-1

Cited by 18 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The cells of IGCN, MGCT and of seminoma have similar morphologies [4,70,141,180]. In contrast, seminoma is organized in a large cluster or large masses of malignant germ cells that destroy the architecture of the interstitium and the tubules.…”

Section: Electron Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A few patients with MGCT were treated with orchiectomy and adjuvant radiotherapy [101,180], but orchiectomy and follow-up with surveillance without adjuvant radiotherapy can be sufficient to secure long-term cure, provided that the patients adhere to a 5-year surveillance follow-up program [181,185].…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Macroscopically overt testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) for adult men develop through a preclinical phase with at least one of three precursor neoplastic lesions: intratubular germ cell neoplasia non-otherwise specified (IGCN) [20,71,80,99,149], microinvasive germ cell tumor (MGCT) [180], and intratubular germ cell tumor in situ ( Fig. 1) (GCTIS) [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 1977, Schulze and Holstein described MGCT as a step in the development from IGCN to seminoma [141]. Supporting MGCT as a separate precursor stage for TGCT, von Eyben and coworkers reported three patients with MGCT, but without overt TGCT, diagnosed within a decade in a limited region of Sweden [180]. Recently, Henley et al reported 12 additional patients evaluated at two institutions in the USA [61].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Authors have used 33 different terms for MGCT [4,6,20,21,24,38,39,53,61,62,78,80,94,101,104,105,109,111,116,117,125,128,143,149,171,180,196,198], but most terms are questionable. A term such as "invasive carcinoma" [104,109] does not separate MGCT from cancers of non-germ cell origin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microinvasive germ cell tumor of the testis

2005

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Microinvasive germ cell tumor (MGCT) consists of a limited number of malignant germ cells in the intertubular tissue of the testis. The cells have large nuclei, prominent nucleoli, abundant clear cytoplasm, and distinct cellular borders in hematoxylin and eosin staining. MGCT can be the first stage of malignancy in the development of testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT). Biopsies from men with maldescended testes have been reported to contain intratubular germ cell neoplasia, unclassified (IGCN) and MGCT in 1.8% of the examined cases (95% CI 0.5-4.6%). MGCT has also been found in testes of subfertile men and in the contralateral testis of patients with TGCT. MGCT is a frequent finding (19%) in the testicular tissue adjacent to an overt TGCT. Men with a high risk of TGCT may gain from screening for precursor lesions of TGCT with ultrasonography of the testes followed by a testicular biopsy if suspicious abnormalities are found: Treatment is high-voltage radiotherapy for intratubular germ cell neoplasia (IGCN), and orchidectomy for MGCT and germ cell tumor in situ, either intratubular seminoma or intratubular embryonal carcinoma. After local treatment, patients with precursor lesions can be followed with a surveillance program. The mRNA levels of invasion-related genes were evaluated based on a DNA microarray data set, and we found two gene abnormalities most relevant for the invasion of malignant germ cells: matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) and plasminogen activator, urokinase (PLAU) genes were up-regulated in a study comparing tissue samples of TGCT and IGCN.

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Section: Electron Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microinvasive germ cell tumor of the testis

2005

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Microinvasive germ cell neoplasia of the testis

Mikulowski

Oldbring

1992

Cancer

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Background. The term microinvasive germ cell neoplasia denotes the presence of neoplastic germ cells in the tubuli and interstitium of the testis, unaccompanied by clinically detectable tumor. Methods. Testicular biopsy specimens from three patients (age range, 26‐38 years) without clinical evidence of tumor showed microinvasive germ cell neoplasia. The indications for biopsy were gynecomastia and testicular atrophy in Patient 1, infertility in Patient 2, and nonseminomatous cancer in the contralateral testicle in Patient 3. Results. In all three cases, orchiectomy specimens disclosed multifocal intratubular and extratubular growth of neoplastic germ cells, occasionally confluent in seminoma‐like infiltrates. In Cases 1 and 2, no malignant cells were found at biopsy of the contralateral testis. Conclusions. In contrast to intratubular (in situ) germ cell neoplasia, microinvasion constitutes a definitive malignancy and the starting point of differentiation into seminoma or nonseminomatous tumor. Inguinal orchiectomy is recommended as primary therapy. The necessity of complementary therapy is an issue that must be investigated. Cancer 1992; 70:659–664.

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Pathology of Testicular Tumors

Baithun

Lee

2014

Urological Oncology

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Microinvasive Germ Cell Tumors of the Testis

Cited by 18 publications

References 7 publications

Microinvasive germ cell tumor of the testis

Microinvasive germ cell tumor of the testis

Microinvasive germ cell neoplasia of the testis

Pathology of Testicular Tumors

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