Microhardness and Fluoride Release of Glass Ionomer Cement Modified with a Novel Al+3 Complex to Enhance Its Antimicrobial Activity

Abstract

Objectives. To synthesize and characterize a novel Al+3 complex with 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-benzimidazole (HL) to be added to a restorative glass ionomer cement (GIC) to enhance its antimicrobial activities and to evaluate the Vickers microhardness (HV) and fluoride release (FR) of the modified GIC. Materials and Methods. Al+3 complex was synthesized by the addition of 1 mmol (0.210 g) of HL to 1 mmol (0.342 g) of aluminum sulfate in ethanol. The resulting solution was then refluxed under stirring for 24 h and then collected by filtration and dried in a vacuum desiccator over an anhydrous CaCl2. Characterization of Al+3 complex was carried out by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), elemental microanalysis, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), molar conductance, 1H NMR spectra, and electron impact-mass spectrometry. The antimicrobial activity of Al+3 complex-modified GIC (Al-GIC) was studied by the “cut plug method” against Gram-negative bacteria (Acinetobacter baumannii) and Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus, and Streptococcus mutants) and fungi (Candida albicans). HV was evaluated by a digital microhardness tester (Zwick/Roell, Indentec, ZHVμ-S, West Midlands, England). Fluoride levels in ppm were obtained using the ion-selective electrode connected to a digital meter. A one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni test were used to analyze the data with the significance level established at p ≤ 0.05 . Results. Synthesis of Al+3 complex was confirmed by FTIR, elemental microanalysis TGA, molar conductance, 1H NMR spectra, and electron impact-mass spectrometry. Al-GICs exhibited an enhanced antibacterial activity against all studied microorganisms as confirmed by the growth of inhibition zones compared to control GIC (C-GIC). Though there was a slight reduction in HV and FR with increasing the added percent of Al+3 complex, no significant differences were found between the studied groups. Conclusions. Addition of Al+3 complex to GIC powder enhanced the antimicrobial activity of GIC materials. As there was a negligible insignificant reduction in HV and FR upon the addition of Al+3 complex, Al-GICs can be used with a guaranteed degree of clinical success.

Ag(I), In (III), and Sn (II) chelates of azo mesalamine drug: Characterization, DFT studies, molecular docking and biological evaluation

“…The negative values of the activation entropies ΔS* imply a more ordered activated complex than the reactants and/or the reactions are slower than typical. [ 49 ] The high activation energy values (ΔE*) show that the chelates under consideration are highly stable. The positive values of ΔG* indicated that this was a non‐spontaneous process.…”

Benzimidazole Derivatives Suppress Fusarium Wilt Disease via Interaction with ERG6 of Fusarium equiseti and Activation of the Antioxidant Defense System of Pepper Plants

“…2-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-1H-benzimidazole (HPBI; Figure 1 A) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Darmstadt, Germany), while Al−HPBI complex ( Figure 1 B) was synthesized and characterized in our previous study [ 26 ]. Both compounds (HPBI and Al−HPBI complex) were dissolved first in 5 mL of 100% dimethylformamide (DMF), and then the volume was adjusted to 100 mL using sterilized distilled water to make a 5 mM stock solution.…”

Fluoride Retention in Root Dentin following Surface Coating Material Application

“…After coating, each specimen was stored in remineralizing solution (0.02 M HEPES, 1.8 mM KH 2 PO 4 , 3.0 mM CaCl 2 , 130 mM KCl; pH 7.0) [ 29 , 30 , 31 ] at 37 °C for 7 or 28 days. These storage periods were defined on the basis of the amount of fluoride released from fluoride-containing materials (mainly glass ionomer cement) [ 32 , 33 , 34 ]. From day 7, the amount of released fluoride was not large.…”